scholarly journals The colors of our brain: an integrated approach for dimensionality reduction and explainability in fMRI through color coding (i-ECO)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Tarchi ◽  
Stefano Damiani ◽  
Paolo La Torraca Vittori ◽  
Simone Marini ◽  
Nelson Nazzicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractSeveral systematic reviews have highlighted the role of multiple sources in the investigation of psychiatric illness. For what concerns fMRI, the focus of recent literature preferentially lies on three lines of research, namely: functional connectivity, network analysis and spectral analysis. Data was gathered from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics. The sample was composed by 130 neurotypicals, 50 participants diagnosed with Schizophrenia, 49 with Bipolar disorder and 43 with ADHD. Single fMRI scans were reduced in their dimensionality by a novel method (i-ECO) averaging results per Region of Interest and through an additive color method (RGB): local connectivity values (Regional Homogeneity), network centrality measures (Eigenvector Centrality), spectral dimensions (fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations). Average images per diagnostic group were plotted and described. The discriminative power of this novel method for visualizing and analyzing fMRI results in an integrative manner was explored through the usage of convolutional neural networks. The new methodology of i-ECO showed between-groups differences that could be easily appreciated by the human eye. The precision-recall Area Under the Curve (PR-AUC) of our models was > 84.5% for each diagnostic group as evaluated on the test-set – 80/20 split. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for an integrative and easy-to-understand approach in the analysis and visualization of fMRI results. A high discriminative power for psychiatric conditions was reached. This proof-of-work study may serve to investigate further developments over more extensive datasets covering a wider range of psychiatric diagnoses.

Centrality Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginestra Bianconi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Katz Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Defining the centrality of nodes and layers in multilayer networks is of fundamental importance for a variety of applications from sociology to biology and finance. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art centrality measures able to characterize the centrality of nodes, the influences of layers or the centrality of replica nodes in multilayer and multiplex networks. These centrality measures include modifications of the eigenvector centrality, Katz centrality, PageRank centrality and Communicability to the multilayer network scenario. The chapter provides a comprehensive description of the research of the field and discusses the main advantages and limitations of the different definitions, allowing the readers that wish to apply these techniques to choose the most suitable definition for his or her case study.

scholarly journals Sustainability in Construction Projects: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Kiani Mavi ◽  
Denise Gengatharen ◽  
Neda Kiani Mavi ◽  
Richard Hughes ◽  
Alistair Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
New Research

This paper aims to identify the major research concepts studied in the literature of sustainability in construction projects. Two bibliometric analysis tools—(a) BibExcel and (b) Gephi, were used to analyze the bibliometrics indices of papers and visualize their interrelations as a network, respectively. Therefore, a research focus parallelship network (RFPN) analysis and keyword co-occurrence network (KCON) analysis were performed to uncover the primary research themes. The RFPN analysis clustered the studies into three major categories of evaluating sustainability, project management for sustainability, and drivers of sustainable construction. The KCON analysis revealed that while each paper had a different focus, the underlying concept of all clusters was sustainability, construction, and project management. We found that while ‘sustainability’ was the leading keyword in the first cluster, i.e., evaluating sustainability, it was the second top keyword with the eigenvector centrality of over 0.94 in the other two clusters. We also found that the concept of sustainability should be included in construction projects from the early stages of design and feasibility studies and must be monitored throughout the project life. This review showed that previous researchers used a variety of statistical and mathematical techniques such as structural equation modelling and fuzzy decision-making methods to study sustainability in construction projects. Using an integrated approach to identifying the research gaps in this area, this paper provides researchers with insights on how to frame new research to study sustainability in construction projects.

scholarly journals Posturography with head movements in the assessment of balance in chronic unilateral vestibular lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Janc ◽  
Mariola Sliwinska-Kowalska ◽  
Piotr Politanski ◽  
Marek Kaminski ◽  
Magdalena Jozefowicz-Korczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Canal Paresis ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Static Posturography ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The One

AbstractThe aim of our study was to validate the method of head-shake static posturography (HS-posturography) in healthy individuals and to establish the value of this novel method in the diagnostics of patients with unilateral vestibular lesion (UV). The study included 202 participants divided into two groups, one consisting of 133 patients with canal paresis CP > 19% and one of 69 healthy subjects. Participant was tested according to the standard protocol of static posturography (SP), and with head movements of 0.3 Hz (HS 40), 0.6 Hz (HS 70) in random order controlled by a metronome. HS-posturography revealed a similar repeatability and internal consistency as the standard posturography. In patients with UV, 4th condition revealed higher sensitivity (74%) and specificity (71%) in HS 40 than in the standard posturography (67%, 65% respectively) and HS 70 (54%, 70% respectively). Static posturography and HS- posturography revealed a high reliability of the testing method. The head movements added to static posturography improve the sensitivity and specificity of the method in group with vestibular impairment. The most important test for that purpose seems to be the one on unstable surface with the eyes closed, with low frequency of head movements.

Perceived Causal Problem Networks: Reliability, Central Problems, and Clinical Utility for Depression

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110392
Author(s):  
Lars Klintwall ◽  
Martin Bellander ◽  
Matti Cervin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Causal Networks ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Personalized case conceptualization is often regarded as a prerequisite for treatment success in psychotherapy for patients with comorbidity. This article presents Perceived Causal Networks, a novel method in which patients rate perceived causal relations among behavioral and emotional problems. First, 231 respondents screening positive for depression completed an online Perceived Causal Networks questionnaire. Median completion time (including repeat items to assess immediate test–retest reliability) was 22.7 minutes, and centrality measures showed excellent immediate test–retest reliability. Networks were highly idiosyncratic, but worrying and ruminating were the most central items for a third of respondents. Second, 50 psychotherapists rated the clinical utility of Perceived Causal Networks visualizations. Ninety-six percent rated the networks as clinically useful, and the information in the individual visualizations was judged to contain 47% of the information typically collected during a psychotherapy assessment phase. Future studies should individualize networks further and evaluate the validity of perceived causal relations.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF CENTRALITY MEASURES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Sena Ariesandy ◽  
Ema Carnia ◽  
Herlina Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which began in 2000 with 8 goal points, have not been able to solve the global problems. The MDGs were developed into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 with 17 targeted goal points achieved in 2030. Until now, methods for determining the priority of SDGs are still attractive to researchers. Centrality is one of the tools in determining the priority goal points on a network by using graph theory. There are four measurements of centrality used in this paper, namely degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. The calculation results obtained from the four measurements are compared, analyzed, to conclud which goal points are the most prior and the least prior. From the results obtained the most priority goal points in Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Quantifying nerve decussation abnormalities in the optic chiasm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Puzniak ◽  
Khazar Ahmadi ◽  
Jörn Kaufmann ◽  
Andre Gouws ◽  
Antony B. Morland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
List Type ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

AbstractObjectiveThe human optic chiasm comprises partially crossing optic nerve fibres. Here we used diffusion MRI (dMRI) for the in-vivo identification of the abnormally high proportion of crossing fibres found in the optic chiasm of people with albinism.MethodsIn 9 individuals with albinism and 8 controls high-resolution 3T dMRI data was acquired and analyzed with a set of methods for signal modeling [Diffusion Tensor (DT) and Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD)], tractography, and streamline filtering (LiFE, COMMIT, and SIFT2). The number of crossing and non-crossing streamlines and their weights after filtering entered ROC-analyses to compare the discriminative power of the methods based on the area under the curve (AUC). The dMRI results were cross-validated with fMRI estimates of misrouting in a subset of 6 albinotic individuals.ResultsWe detected significant group differences in chiasmal crossing for both unfiltered DT (p=0.014) and CSD tractograms (p=0.0009) also reflected by AUC measures (for DT and CSD: 0.61 and 0.75, respectively), underlining the discriminative power of the approach. Estimates of crossing strengths obtained with dMRI and fMRI were significantly correlated for CSD (R2=0.83, p=0.012). The results show that streamline filtering methods in combination with probabilistic tracking, both optimized for the data at hand, can improve the detection of crossing in the human optic chiasm.ConclusionsEspecially CSD-based tractography provides an efficient approach to detect structural abnormalities in the optic chiasm. The most realistic results were obtained with filtering methods with parameters optimized for the data at hand.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate a novel anatomy-driven approach for the individualized diagnostics of optic chiasm abnormalities.HighlightsDiffusion MRI is capable of detecting structural abnormalities of the optic chiasm.Quantification of crossing strength in optic chiasm is of promise for albinism diagnostics.Optic chiasm is a powerful test model for neuroimaging methods resolving crossing fibers.

scholarly journals Using the profile method for evaluationthe beer quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bocharova ◽  
I. Melnik ◽  
D. Hnatovskaya ◽  
S. Chub
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Profile Method ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Low Alcohol

The expediency of using the profile method of analysis for assessing the influence of technological factors on the quality of beer has been established. The characteristics for the evaluation of beer quality by the profile method are chosen. The results obtained using the profile method give a more complete picture of the properties of beer than the results of the scoring method. Each of the samples was analyzed and studied. The results of analysis of such criteria as aroma, flavor, appearance and physicochemical parameters are demonstrated on profilograms. Estimation of flavor is the most difficult, since this concept includes a complex sensation of taste, aroma and consistency, determined in the oral cavity. To confirm the organoleptic properties of the «body» of the best sort of beer, rheological analysis data were presented. Such an integrated approach will allow fully studying the properties of a low-alcohol beverage and clearly demonstrating the advantages of a profile method of analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document