scholarly journals Production of essential oils from in vitro cultures of Caryopteris species and comparison of their concentrations with in vivo plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luczkiewicz ◽  
Anna Jesionek ◽  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Migas ◽  
Marek Mardarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Vitro Cultures

Phytochemical Profiles of Targionia lorbeeriana: Grown in vitro and in the Open

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 726-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Neves ◽  
Manuel Ferreira ◽  
Christian Terreaux ◽  
Kurt Hostettmann ◽  
Rui Morais
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

AbstractThe terpenoid constituents of Targionia lorbeeriana grown in vivo and in vitro were com pared. The analysis of the dichloromethane extract was performed by HPLC-UV and by HPLC-M S. The obtained results revealed that the sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the wild Targionia lorbeeriana were also produced by the liverwort in in vitro cultures, in the same relative amounts.The composition of essential oils was evaluated by GC and GC-MS. Both, the yield and diversity of the essential oil obtained from wild growing T. lorbeeriana gametophytes were higher than those growing in vitro. Although, a significant number of compounds produced in vivo were maintained in vitro, a considerable number of other ones were not detected. Instead, under in vitro conditions, some new compounds were found which do not accumulate under wild conditions.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

Papaya shoot tip associated endophytic bacteria isolated from in vitro cultures and host–endophyte interaction in vitro and in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pious Thomas ◽  
Sima Kumari ◽  
Ganiga K. Swarna ◽  
T.K.S. Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Dose Dependent

Fourteen distinct bacterial clones were isolated from surface-sterilized shoot tips (~1 cm) of papaya (Carica papaya L. ‘Surya’) planted on Murashige and Skoog (MS)-based papaya culture medium (23/50 nos.) during the 2–4 week period following in vitro culturing. These isolates were ascribed to six Gram-negative genera, namely Pantoea ( P. ananatis ), Enterobacter ( E. cloacae ), Brevundimonas ( B. aurantiaca ), Sphingomonas , Methylobacterium ( M. rhodesianum ), and Agrobacterium ( A. tumefaciens ) or two Gram-positive genera, Microbacterium ( M. esteraromaticum ) and Bacillus ( B. benzoevorans ) based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Pantoea ananatis was the most frequently isolated organism (70% of the cultures) followed by B. benzoevorans (13%), while others were isolated from single stocks. Bacteria-harboring in vitro cultures often showed a single organism. Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Agrobacterium spp. grew actively on MS-based normal papaya medium, while Microbacterium, Brevundimonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium spp. failed to grow in the absence of host tissue. Supplying MS medium with tissue extract enhanced the growth of all the organisms in a dose-dependent manner, indicating reliance of the endophyte on its host. Inoculation of papaya seeds with the endophytes (20 h at OD550 = 0.5) led to delayed germination or slow seedling growth initially. However, the inhibition was overcome by 3 months and the seedlings inoculated with Pantoea, Microbacterium, or Sphingomonas spp. displayed significantly better root and shoot growths.

Separation By Velocity Sedimentation of Human Haemopoietic Precursors Forming Colonies in vivo and in vitro Cultures

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
E. Niskanen ◽  
J. R. Wells ◽  
D. W. Golde ◽  
M. J. Cline
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Velocity Sedimentation

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in Guatemala against malaria.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1500-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F F Franssen ◽  
L J Smeijsters ◽  
I Berger ◽  
B E Medinilla Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

We present an evaluation of the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects of four plants commonly used in Guatemalan folk medicine against malaria. Methanol extracts of Simarouba glauca D. C., Sansevieria guineensis Willd, Croton guatemalensis Lotsy, and Neurolaena lobata (L.)R.Br. significantly reduced parasitemias in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Dichloromethane fractions were screened for their cytotoxicities on Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, and 50% inhibitory concentrations were determined for Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro cultures. Both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. falciparum were significantly inhibited by these extracts. Of all dichloromethane extracts, only the S. glauca cortex extract was considered to be toxic to nauplii of A. salina in the brine shrimp test.

scholarly journals Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test.  OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and  toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Treatment Strategy for Alzheimerʼs Disease: Current and Future Perspectives

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Benny ◽  
Jaya Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment and gradual memory loss. Several hypotheses have been put forward to postulate its pathophysiology. Currently, few drugs are available for the management of Alzheimerʼs disease and the treatment provides only symptomatic relief. Our aim is to review the relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focused toward the potential uses of essential oils in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from April 1998 to June 2018 were explored to collect data. We have conducted wide search on various essential oils used in different models of Alzheimerʼs disease. Out of 55 essential oils identified for Alzheimerʼs intervention, 28 have been included in the present review. A short description of in vivo studies of 13 essential oils together with clinical trial data of Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been highlighted. In vitro studies of remaining essential oils that possess antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential are also mentioned. Our literary survey revealed encouraging results regarding the various essential oils being studied in preclinical and clinical studies of Alzheimerʼs disease with significant effects in modulating the pathology through anti-amyloid, antioxidants, anticholinesterase, and memory-enhancement activity.

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