scholarly journals Increased Foliar Activity of Isoproturon+Tribenuron and Pyroxsulam Against Little Seed Canary Grass and Field Bindweed by Proper Adjuvant Selection in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RIZWAN ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
N.A. IKRAM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Canary Grass

ABSTRACT: Using an adjuvant to optimize and increase the foliar activity of post emergence herbicides is an acceptable way to reduce their side effects. Field researches were conducted to detect a suitable adjuvant for two post-herbicides namely, isoproturon+tribenuron and pyroxsulam against little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). Treatments were, isoproturon+tribenuron at 1,025 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) and pyroxsulam at 140.6 g a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose) alone or their reduced dose (75% of the recommended dose) isoproturon+tribenuron at 769 and pyroxsulam at 105.5 g a.i. ha-1, tank mixed with three different adjuvants viz. alkylethersulphate sodium salt at 400, fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 and sunflower oil at 1,000 mL ha-1. These treatments were applied at the two to three leaf stages of weeds. All the adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of herbicides; however, maximum herbicide efficacy against P. minor (93.50-97.66%) and C. arvensis (82-100%) was achieved with the application of isoproturon+tribenuron plus alkylethersulphate sodium salt, showing the lowest total weed dry weight (1.48, 0.88 g m-2). The maximum NPK-uptake was associated to the untreated control. Nutrient saving (55-95% N, 43-92% P, 55-95% K) was enhanced by the addition of all adjuvants to herbicides, with better weed control. The maximum yield (41 - 43% increase over weedy check) and yield attributes were recorded with reduced rates of isoproturon+tribenuron plus alkylethersulphate sodium salt, followed by the recommended rate of the same herbicide applied alone. In contrast, sunflower oil with pyroxsulam exerted greater control of little seed canary grass and field bindweed with more yield and yield related traits than alkylethersulphate sodium salt and fatty alcohol ethoxylate with pyroxsulam. These results demonstrated the improvement in the performance of reduced rates of isoproturon+tribenuron with the inclusion of alkylethersulphate sodium salt, with a dose higher than or equal to the recommended dose of the same herbicide, and this is the most cost-effective combination.

scholarly journals Productivity and Nutrient Balance of an Intensive Rice–Rice Cropping System Are Influenced by Different Nutrient Management in the Red and Lateritic Belt of West Bengal, India

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Shankar ◽  
Ganesh Chandra Malik ◽  
Mahua Banerjee ◽  
Sudarshan Dutta ◽  
Sagar Maitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
World Population ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Yield Attributes

Rice is the lifeline for more than half of the world population, and in India, in view of its huge demand in the country, farmers adopt a rice–rice cropping system where the irrigation facility is available. As rice is a nutrient-exhausting crop, sustainable productivity of rice–rice cropping system greatly depends on appropriate nutrient management in accordance with the inherent soil fertility. The application of an ample dose of fertilizer is the key factor for maintaining sustainable rice yields and nutrient balance of the soil. Considering the above facts, an experiment was conducted on nutrient management in a rice–rice cropping system at the university farm of Visva-Bharati, situated in a sub-tropical climate under the red and lateritic belt of the western part of West Bengal, India, during two consecutive years (2014–2016). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design with 12 treatments and three replications, with different rates of N:P:K:Zn:S application in both of the growing seasons, namely, kharif and Boro. The recommended (ample) dose of nutrients was 80:40:40:25:20 and 120:60:60:25:20 kg ha−1 of N:P2O5:K2O:Zn:S in the Kharif and Boro season, respectively. A high yielding variety, named MTU 7029, and a hybrid, Arize 6444 GOLD, were taken in the Kharif and Boro seasons, respectively. The results clearly indicated that the application of a recommended dose of nutrients showed its superiority over the control (no fertilizer application) in the expression of growth characters, yield attributes, yields, and nutrient uptake of Kharif as well as Boro rice. Out of the all treatments, the best result was found in the treatment where the ample dose of nutrients was applied, resulting in maximum grain yield in both the Kharif (5.6 t ha−1) and Boro (6.6 t ha−1) season. The corresponding yield attributes for the same treatment in the Kharif (panicles m−2: 247.9; grains panicle−1: 132.0; spikelets panicle−1: 149.6; test weight: 23.8 g; and panicle length: 30.6 cm) and Boro (panicles m−2: 281.6; grains panicle−1: 142.7; spikelets panicle−1: 157.2; test weight: 24.8 g; and panicle length: 32.8 cm) season explained the maximum yield in this treatment. Further, a reduction or omission of individual nutrients adversely impacted on the above traits and resulted in a negative balance of the respective nutrients. The study concluded that the application of a recommended dose of nutrients was essential for proper nutrient balance and sustainable yields in the rice–rice cropping system.

Nutrient Management in Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) - Bt Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Intercropping System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Vaghasia ◽  
K L Dobariya
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012, 2013 and 2014 at the Main Oilseeds Research Satiation, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh to ascertain the optimum nutrient requirement for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) - Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) intercropping system to obtain higher productivity and profitability per unit area per unit time by efficient utilization of natural resources on medium clay soil under irrigated conditions. Groundnut was raised as main crop and Bt cotton was planted as intercrop with 3:1 ratio. The experiment was conducted with fourteen treatments involving sole groundnut and sole cotton with different combinations of fertilizer doses and were tested in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. All the above fertilizer treatments were imposed based on the area. The results revealed that 100% RDF to groundnut (main crop) + 150% RDF to cotton (intercrop) in 3:1 row ratio proportion increased growth, yield attributes and yields of groundnut and Bt cotton as well groundnut equivalent yield. So, 100% recommended dose of NP fertilizer (12.5:25.0 kg NP/ha) to groundnut + 150% recommended dose of N fertilizer(240 kgN/ha) to Bt cotton with 3:1 row ratio proportion was optimum to realize maximum yield under groundnut- Bt cotton intercropping system in irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals Productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum. L.) and Mustard (Brassica juncea) Intercropping System as Influenced by Different Row Ratios and Liquid Manures

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Tiwari ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Makani Sarath Chandra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Crop Research

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). The present  experiment comprising with five intercropping systems viz. sole chickpea, sole mustard, chickpea + mustard (1:1), chickpea + mustard (2:1), chickpea + mustard (3:1) row ratios in replacement series and four liquid manures viz. control (no spray), panchagavya  3%, cow urine  10% and vermiwash  10%. Results revealed that among the row arrangements maximum plant height and dry weight of both crop (Chickpea and mustard) were recorded under chickpea + mustard 3:1 row ratio. However sole stand of both crop produced maximum yield attributes and yield. Whereas among the liquid manures foliar application of panchagavya 3% found to be superior over rest of the liquid manures.

scholarly journals Use of Adjuvants to Optimize the Activity of Two Broad-Spectrum Herbicides for Weed Control in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ABBAS ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
T. AHMAD ◽  
M. AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate

ABSTRACT: Herbicide resistance development among weeds, environmental contamination and health concerns due to the overuse of herbicides have led researchers to focus on ways to reduce herbicides to be sprayed for weed management. Adjuvants are best suited for that purpose, as they accomplish a crucial role in achieving satisfactory control of weeds by maximizing herbicidal activity. A two-year field investigation was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, in the University of Agriculture, in Faisalabad, Pakistan during the winter of 2014 and 2015, with the objective to optimize the activity of two broad-spectrum herbicides at reduced dose (75% of the label mentioned rate) for weed control in wheat. Minimum weed density, weed dry weight and NPK uptake were recorded with reduced dosed mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium at 10.60 g a.i. ha-1 combined with fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 mL ha-1. This was followed by reduced dosed sulfosulfuron at 18.75 g a.i. ha-1 combined with the same adjuvant. Among various herbicidal treatments, application of reduced dosed mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium at 10.60 g a.i. ha-1 combined with fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 200 mL ha-1 was proved to be most cost effective and resulted in maximum wheat yield during both years of study.

Site Specific Nutrient Management in Potato Through Nutrient Omission Plot Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
R. K. SINGH ◽  
S. K. SINGH ◽  
SARALA YADAV ◽  
RAHUL R. BAKADE
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive winter seasons from 2013-14 to 2016-17 at Patna, Bihar under sandy clay loam soil. The trial on potato was laid out in randomized block design with four replications with objective to develop nutrient omission plot technique in potato. The highest plant height and number of shoot per plant were recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK. The range of dry matter content in potato tuber varied from 16.1 to 17.7% on dry weight basis. The maximum yield of smallest tuber (0-25g) was recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK, which was at par to all the nutritional treatments and significantly superior over absolute control plot. The maximum yield of medium, large and very large size tuber was recorded under 150% recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK. However, 150% recommended dose of fertilizers of NPK recorded about 13% higher net return over 100% recommended dose of fertilizers of NPK. The maximum yield reduction was observed in the omitted plot without nitrogen among other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium. Hence, nitrogen was one of the most limiting nutrients for tuber yield of potato.

scholarly journals Optical Characteristics, Thermal use Efficiency, Yield and Yield Attributes of Bt Cotton under Different Plant Spacing and Fertilizer Levels

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Amit Singh ◽  
M. L. Khichar ◽  
Ram Niwas ◽  
. Mamta ◽  
Kapil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

Field trail was conducted at the Research Farm of Cotton Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat 29ᵒ 10' N, Long 75ᵒ 46' E and 215.2 m msl) during Kharif season of 2015. The experiment was conducted in split-split plot design with three replications. Three varieties viz. V1=RCH 602, V2=RCH 650 and V3=Bunty were kept in main plots while three spacing viz. S1=67.5 cm × 45 cm, S2=67.5 cm × 60 cm and S3=67.5 cm × 75 cm with three fertilizer levels i.e. F1=RDF, F2=125 % of RDF and F3=150 % of RDF application of the recommended dose were kept in subplots. Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was N:P:K=175:60:60 kg ha-1. Optical characteristics, thermal use efficiency (TUE) were computed along with yield and yield attributes were also studied. V1 (86.6 %), S3 (84.8 %) and F3 (85.1 %) absorbed maximum PAR among all the cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels. TUE was found higher in the V1 (0.35 g/m²/℃ day), S3 (0.34 g/m²/℃ day) and F3 (0.29 g/m²/℃ day) among all the cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels. Number of bolls plant-1 were found higher in V1 (21.0), S3 (14.7) and F3 (16.0) among all the cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels. Among all the cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels boll weight (g) were found higher in V2 (3.89 g), S2 (3.66 g) and F2 (3.62 g). Sympodial branches plant-1 at harvest were found highest in V1 (23.7), S1 (21.0) and F1 (21.4) among all the cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels. In seed cotton yield V1 (1248.7 kg ha-1), S3 (1120.7 kg ha-1) and F2 (1094.3 kg ha-1) have the maximum yield as compare to other cv., plant spacing and fertilizer levels.

Effect of Integration of Fertilizers and FYM on Productivity and Soil Health of Rainfed Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. K. BAG
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

A field trial was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of2012 and 2013 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, Meghalaya to evaluate the integration of nutrient sources on productivity and soil health under rainfed potato cultivation in north eastern hill region of India. There were six treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers,75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers and 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF and 50% RDN through FYM, 25% RDF and 75% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through FYM and control (no application of any sources of nutrients). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nutrient management practices showed the significant improvement on growth and yield attributes of potato over control plot. Highest productivity of potato tubers (t/ha) was noticed with application of 75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers along with 25% RDN through FYM. Similarly, the maximum net return was associated with application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through FYM under investigation. Application of 75% Recommended dose of nutrients through synthetic fertilizers in combination with 25% Recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM was more profitable for sustainable production of potato in the north eastern hill region of India.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

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