Investigating morphology-dependent antibacterial property of ZnO nanoparticles and developing an insight into oxidative stress generation and cellular response

Nanomaterials have become part of our daily lives, particularly nanoparticles contained in food, water, cosmetics, additives and textiles. Nanoparticles interact with organisms at the cellular level. The cell membrane is the first protective barrier against the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles. This first contact, including the interaction between the cell membranes -and associated proteins- and the nanoparticles is critically reviewed here. Nanoparticles, depending on their toxicity, can cause cellular physiology alterations, such as a disruption in cell signaling or changes in gene expression and they can trigger immune responses and even apoptosis. Additionally, the fundamental thermodynamics behind the nanoparticle-membrane and nanoparticle-proteins-membrane interactions are discussed. The analysis is intended to increase our insight into the mechanisms involved in these interactions. Finally, consequences are reviewed and discussed.

Download Full-text

Time Course of Redox Biomarkers in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Relation with Inflammatory, Multiorgan Impairment Biomarkers and CT Findings

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1126

Author(s):

Tijana Kosanovic ◽

Dragan Sagic ◽

Vladimir Djukic ◽

Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac ◽

Ana Savic-Radojevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Time Course ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Original Data ◽

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽

Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽

Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽

Dependent Relation ◽

Organ Tissue ◽

Insight Into

Although the original data on systemic oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients have recently started to emerge, we are still far from a complete profile of changes in patients’ redox homeostasis. We aimed to assess the extent of oxidative damage of proteins, lipids and DNA during the course of acute disease, as well as their association with CT pulmonary patterns. In order to obtain more insight into the origin of the systemic oxidative stress, the observed parameters were correlated with inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of multiorgan impairment. In this prospective study, we included 58 patients admitted between July and October 2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia. Significant changes in malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and advanced oxidation protein products levels exist during the course of COVID-19. Special emphasis should be placed on the fact that the pattern of changes differs between non-hospitalized and hospitalized individuals. Our results point to the time-dependent relation of oxidative stress parameters with inflammatory and multiorgan impairment biomarkers, as well as pulmonary patterns in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Correlation between redox biomarkers and immunological or multiorgan impairment biomarkers, as well as pulmonary CT pattern, confirms the suggested involvement of neutrophils networks, IL-6 production, along with different organ/tissue involvement in systemic oxidative stress in COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Allysine and α-Aminoadipic Acid as Markers of the Glyco-Oxidative Damage to Human Serum Albumin under Pathological Glucose Concentrations

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carolina Luna ◽

Alexis Arjona ◽

Carmen Dueñas ◽

Mario Estevez

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Human Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Human Serum ◽

Typical Feature ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Chemical Mechanisms ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Insight Into

Understanding the molecular basis of the disease is of the utmost scientific interest as it contributes to the development of targeted strategies of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Protein carbonylation is a typical feature of glyco-oxidative stress and takes place in health disorders such as diabetes. Allysine as well as its oxidation product, the α-amino adipic acid (α-AA) have been found to be markers of diabetes risk whereas little is known about the chemistry involved in its formation under hyperglycemic conditions. To provide insight into this issue, human serum albumin was incubated in the presence of FeCl3 (25 μM) and increasing glucose concentrations for 32 h at 37 °C. These concentrations were selected to simulate (i) physiological fasting plasma concentration (4 mM), (ii) pathological pre-diabetes fasting plasma concentration (8 mM), and pathological diabetes fasting plasma concentration (12 mM) of glucose. While both allysine and α-AA were found to increase with increasing glucose concentrations, the carboxylic acid was only detected at pathological glucose concentrations and appeared to be a more reliable indicator of glyco-oxidative stress. The underlying chemical mechanisms of lysine glycation as well as of the depletion of tryptophan and formation of fluorescent and colored advanced glycation products are discussed.

Download Full-text

Cellular Response against Oxidative Stress, a Novel Insight into Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11080693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 693

Author(s):

Corina Daniela Ene ◽

Simona Roxana Georgescu ◽

Mircea Tampa ◽

Clara Matei ◽

Cristina Iulia Mitran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Control Group ◽

Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

Repair Mechanisms ◽

Low Levels ◽

Defective Dna Repair

The interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and hydrocarbonates promotes acute and chronic tissue damage, mediates immunomodulation and triggers autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. The aim of the study was to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of the oxidative stress-related damage and molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stimuli in lupus nephritis. Our study included 38 SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN group), 44 SLE patients without renal impairment (non-LN group) and 40 healthy volunteers as control group. In the present paper, we evaluated serum lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation, oxidized proteins, carbohydrate oxidation, and endogenous protective systems. We detected defective DNA repair mechanisms via 8-oxoguanine-DNA-glycosylase (OGG1), the reduced regulatory effect of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in the activation of AGE-RAGE axis, low levels of thiols, disulphide bonds formation and high nitrotyrosination in lupus nephritis. All these data help us to identify more molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress in LN that could permit a more precise assessment of disease prognosis, as well as developing new therapeutic targets.

Download Full-text

Mechanistic Insight into Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Jasminum Species: A Herbal Approach for Disease Management

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Acharya Balkrishna ◽

Akansha Rohela ◽

Abhishek Kumar ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Vedpriya Arya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Free Radical ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Global Issues ◽

Iridoid Glucosides ◽

Insight Into

Drug resistance among microbial pathogens and oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species are two of the most challenging global issues. Firstly, drug-resistant pathogens cause several fatalities every year. Secondly aging and a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are associated with free radical generated oxidative stress. The treatments currently available are limited, ineffective, or less efficient, so there is an immediate need to tackle these issues by looking for new therapies to resolve resistance and neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. In the 21st century, the best way to save humans from them could be by using plants as well as their bioactive constituents. In this specific context, Jasminum is a major plant genus that is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The information in this review was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, websites, and databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total of 14 species of Jasminum have been found to be efficient and effective against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. In addition, 14 species were found to be active free radical scavengers. The review is also focused on the disorders related to oxidative stress, and it was concluded that Jasminum grandiflorum and J. sambac normalized various parameters that were elevated by free radical generation. Alkaloids, flavonoids (rutoside), terpenes, phenols, and iridoid glucosides are among the main phytoconstituents found in various Jasminum species. Furthermore, this review also provides insight into the mechanistic basis of drug resistance, the generation of free radicals, and the role of Jasminum plants in combating resistance and neutralizing free radicals.

Download Full-text