Effects of CO2 gassy-supercritical phase transition on corrosion behaviors of carbon steels in saturated vapor environment

A forest ℱ(n, M) chosen uniformly from the family of all labelled unrooted forests with n vertices and M edges is studied. We show that, like the Érdős-Rényi random graph G(n, M), the random forest exhibits three modes of asymptotic behaviour: subcritical, nearcritical and supercritical, with the phase transition at the point M = n/2. For each of the phases, we determine the limit distribution of the size of the k-th largest component of ℱ(n, M). The similarity to the random graph is far from being complete. For instance, in the supercritical phase, the giant tree in ℱ(n, M) grows roughly two times slower than the largest component of G(n, M) and the second largest tree in ℱ(n, M) is of the order n⅔ for every M = n/2 +s, provided that s3n−2 → ∞ and s = o(n), while its counterpart in G(n, M) is of the order n2s−2 log(s3n−2) ≪ n⅔.

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Surface Tension and Bubbles

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.37 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 354-355 ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Cai Xia Xu ◽

Hai Rong Tang

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Surface Tension ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Saturated Vapor Pressure ◽

Saturated Vapor ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Liquid Phase Transition ◽

Almost All

From a molecular perspective, we described the origin of surface tension. Surface tension is exceptionally good at rounding things out, such as bubbles can produce in surfactant solution , also in liquid or vapor-liquid phase transition. Through the experiment of determination of saturated vapor pressure of pure liquids, maybe we can conclude that almost all the bubbles were generated as result of the breakup of the gas-liquid interface.

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HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE OF NI-P/NANO-SIO2 ELECTROLESS COMPOSITE COATINGS

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s2010194512002784 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 05 ◽

pp. 810-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.R. Allahkaram ◽

T. Rabizadeh

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

High Corrosion Resistance ◽

Coating Type ◽

Corrosion Behaviors ◽

Electroless Ni

The process of electroless plating Ni - P and Ni - P /nano- SiO 2 on API-5L X65 carbon steels was improved. The Ni - P /nano- SiO 2 composite coatings were prepared from the bathes containing different concentrations of nano- SiO 2 particles. The coatings surface and morphologies were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions were analyzed by EDAX. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The experimental results indicated that SiO 2 nano-particles co-deposited but some agglomeration occurred. Micro-hardness of electroless Ni - P - SiO 2 composite coatings increased due to the existence of nano-particles. Corrosion tests showed that both electroless Ni - P and Ni - P /nano- SiO 2 composite coatings demonstrated significant improvement of corrosion resistance of substrate in salty atmosphere and latter coating type appeared to offer a better corrosion protection.

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ON THE STRUCTURE OF SUPERCRITICAL PHASE TRANSITION

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732390001207 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 05 (14) ◽

pp. 1081-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YUMI S. HIRATA ◽

HISAKAZU MINAKATA

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Statistical Mechanics ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

False Vacuum ◽

Close Analogy ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

Supercritical Phase ◽

First Order Phase ◽

Irreversible Nature

A novel physical picture is presented for the normal-to-supercritical "phase" transition in QED around a large-Z nucleus. The process is described as the decay of the false vacuum in close analogy to the first-order phase transition in statistical mechanics. The irreversible nature of the transition is pointed out and the physical implications of this picture are discussed.

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Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steels in Artificially Simulated and Accelerated Marine Environment

International Journal of Electrochemical Science ◽

10.20964/2017.02.24 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1216-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junsheng Wu ◽

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Corrosion Behaviors

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Corrosion behaviors of steels under supercritical CO2 conditions

Corrosion Reviews ◽

10.1515/corrrev-2014-0067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3-4) ◽

pp. 151-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Liang Wei ◽

Yucheng Zhang ◽

Xiaolu Pang ◽

Kewei Gao

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Electrochemical Behaviors ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Corrosion Behaviors ◽

Corrosion Scales

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion at low partial pressure has been widely recognized, but research on supercritical CO2 (SC CO2) corrosion is very limited. By far, investigations on steel corrosion under SC CO2 conditions have mainly focused on the corrosion rate, structure, morphology, and composition of the corrosion scales as well as the electrochemical behaviors. It was found in aqueous SC CO2 environment, that the corrosion rate of carbon steel was very high, and even stainless steels (13Cr and high-alloy CrNi steels) were subjected to some corrosion. Inhibitor could reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steels and stainless steels, but none of the tested inhibitors could reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel to an acceptable value. Impurities such as O2, SO2, and NO2 and their mixtures in SC CO2 increased the corrosion rate of carbon steel. However, the existing studies so far were very limited on the corrosion mechanism of steels in SC CO2 conditions. Thus, this paper first reviews the finding on the corrosion behaviors of steels under SC CO2 conditions, points out the shortcomings in the present investigations and finally looks forward to the research prospects on SC CO2 corrosion.

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Phase transition in random distance graphs on the torus

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/jpr.2017.63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1278-1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fioralba Ajazi ◽

George M. Napolitano ◽

Tatyana Turova

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

General Theory ◽

Random Graphs ◽

Connected Component ◽

Subcritical Case ◽

Distance Graphs ◽

Inhomogeneous Random Graphs ◽

Supercritical Phase

Abstract In this paper we consider random distance graphs motivated by applications in neurobiology. These models can be viewed as examples of inhomogeneous random graphs, notably outside of the so-called rank-1 case. Treating these models in the context of the general theory of inhomogeneous graphs helps us to derive the asymptotics for the size of the largest connected component. In particular, we show that certain random distance graphs behave exactly as the classical Erdős–Rényi model, not only in the supercritical phase (as already known) but in the subcritical case as well.

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High Temperature Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steels by A Pressurized Water

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1063 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26-28 ◽

pp. 1063-1066

Author(s):

Sang Ll Lee ◽

Moon Hee Lee ◽

Jin Kyung Lee ◽

Joon Hyun Lee ◽

Yu Sik Kong

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Ultrasonic Wave ◽

Corrosion Test ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Test Sample ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Acoustic Emission Sensor ◽

Pressurized Water ◽

Corrosion Behaviors

The long-term corrosion resistances for the carbon steels have been investigated under high temperature pressurized water atmosphere, in the conjunction with the analysis of nondestructive properties by the ultrasonic wave. The corrosion test for carbon steels was carried out at the temperature of 200 °C under a water pressure of 10 MPa. The corrosion test cycles for carbon steels were changed up to 65 weeks. The mechanical properties of carbon steel suffered from the corrosion cycle were investigated by a tensile test, attaching an acoustic emission sensor on the test sample. The tensile strength of carbon steels greatly decreased beyond the corrosion cycle of 35 weeks, accompanying the increase of weight loss by the creation of corrosion damages. The attenuation coefficient of carbon steels by the ultrasonic wave increased with the increase of corrosion cycles.

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