Causal Relations and Abraham’s Dilemma: a Qur’anic Perspective

Sophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relations

Causal relations and the surrogate mother.

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-673
Author(s):  
James Forest
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Causal Relations

The Adaptation of Medical Records to Epidemiological Use

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Cl Jeanty
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Special Care ◽  
General Description ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Original Record ◽  
Statistical Studies

A method is described in an attempt to make medical records suitable for epidemiologigri: purposes. Every case of a disease is recorded on an appropriate punched card with the object of working towards a general description of a disease through the collation of several cases of the same diagnosis. This punched card represents a very great condensation of the original record. Special care has been applied to state as precisely as possible the time variable, particularly as far as its origin and unit of measure are concerned, in order to demonstrate the existence of causal relations between diseases. Such cards are also intended to make easier statistical studies in clinical pathology, in evaluation of new laboratory techniques, and in therapeutical trials.

Mechanisms and Causation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Glennan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relevance ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter motivates a theory of causation according to which causal claims are existential claims about mechanisms. The chapter begins with a review of the variety of causal claims, emphasizing the differences between singular and general claims, and between claims about causal production and claims about causal relevance. I then argue for singularism—the view that the truth-makers of general causal claims are facts about collections of singular and intrinsic causal relations, and specifically facts about the existence of particular mechanisms. Applying this account, I explore possible truth conditions for causal generalizations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between mechanistic and manipulability approaches to causation. I argue that Woodward’s manipulability account provides valuable insights into the meaning of causal claims and the methods we use to assess them, but that the underlying truth-makers for the counterfactuals in that account are in fact mechanisms.

Perinatal Depression as an Early Stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-312
Author(s):  
Sherryl H. Goodman ◽  
Meeka S. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Per Se

This chapter provides a review of research and a description of the central issues regarding the stressor of depression in mothers during pregnancy and the postpartum periods in relation to risk for the development of psychopathology in offspring. Where evidence allows, causal relations are emphasized; otherwise, limitations are noted, especially those regarding being able to draw causal conclusions from the correlational approaches typically taken in this area of study. Evidence for mechanisms in the transmission of risk is also described, given the potential for understanding causal relations. With the developmental psychopathology perspective of depression as a stressor for offspring, the focus is on vulnerabilities to and early signs of disorder as well as mental health outcomes per se. The chapter concludes with suggested critical issues in the field and recommendations for future directions for research.

scholarly journals Stylizations of Being: Attention as an Existential Hub in Heidegger and Christian Mysticism

Open Theology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-220
Author(s):  
Bernardo Manzoni Palmeirim
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Karl Rahner ◽  
Existential Phenomenology ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Christian Mysticism ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Simone Weil ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Philosophical Framework

AbstractThe assimilation of phenomenology by theology (namely of Heidegger by Karl Rahner) exemplifies how a pre-existing philosophical framework can be imported into a theological system by being suffused with belief. Although one would imagine that the incommensurability between philosophy and religion would thus be overcome, the two disciplines risk to remain, given the sequels of the ‘French debate’, worlds apart, separated by a leap of faith. In this paper I attempt to uncover what grammatical similitudes afforded Rahner formal transference in the first place. Uncovering analogous uses of contemplative attention, namely between Heidegger and Simone Weil, I hope to demonstrate the filial relationship between existential phenomenology and Christian mysticism. I propose that attention is a key factor in both systems of thought. Furthermore, I propose that: 1) attention, the existential hub between subject and phenomena, provides a base for investigating methodologies, as opposed to causal relations, in philosophy and religion; 2) that the two attentional disciplines of meditation and contemplation, spiritual practices designed to shape the self, also constitute styles of thinking; and 3) the ‘turn’ in the later Heidegger’s philosophy is a strategic point to inquire into this confluence of styles of thinking, evincing the constantly dynamic and intrinsically tight relation between philosophy and theology.

scholarly journals Powers: The No-Successor Problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
JOHN PEMBERTON
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Causal Relations

Abstract This essay considers the implications for the powers metaphysic of the no-successor problem: As there are no successors in the set of real numbers, one state cannot occur just after another in continuous time without there being a gap between the two. I show how the no-successor problem sets challenges for various accounts of the manifestation of powers. For powers that give rise to a manifestation that is a new state, the challenge of no-successors is similar to that faced on Bertrand Russell's analysis by causal relations. Powers whose manifestation is a processes and powers that manifest through time (perhaps by giving rise to changing through time) are challenged differently. To avoid powers appearing enigmatic, these challenges should be addressed, and I point to some possible ways this might be achieved. A prerequisite for addressing these challenges is a careful focus on the nature and timing of the manifesting and manifestation of powers.

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