Abstract. The external pressure is the biggest problem faced by
underwater hydraulic systems. The strength and sealing ability of the
structure are facing enormous challenges. For this problem, the common
solution is to use pressure compensation technology. The pressure of the
seawater is transmitted to the inside of the hydraulic system through a
pressure compensator, which equalizes the return pressure of the hydraulic
system and the seawater pressure. The structure of the compensation system,
the volume and dynamic characteristics of the compensator, and the
compensation failure caused by hydraulic oil leakage will all affect the
normal operation of the underwater equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to
study the pressure compensation system. This paper analyzes the pressure
characteristics of the rubber-bellows type compensator. The dynamic
characteristic equation of the pressure is established. Due to the strong
nonlinear nature of rubber, the finite element method is used to simulate
the deformation process of the rubber-bellows type pressure compensator. The
relationship between the volume variation and the spring displacement of the
rubber-bellows type pressure compensator is calculated by FE simulation. The
relationship is brought into the theoretical equation result to obtain the
pressure characteristics of the compensator. Through the control variable
method, the influence of damping, total mass, effective area and spring
stiffness on the internal pressure of the compensator is obtained. According
to the analysis result, the damping ratio should be appropriately increased
to reduce the overshoot of pressure fluctuations in the design. Since the
damping is difficult to control, the total mass of the end cap, the guide
post, the rubber bellows and the spring can be minimized. It also reduces
the quality of the equipment. The spring stiffness and effective area have a
significant influence on the steady-state pressure. A softer spring should
be used and the effective area should be increased as much as possible to
reduce the final steady-state pressure.