Hypoxia and extra-cellular matrix gene expression in adipose tissue associates with reduced insulin sensitivity in black South African women

Background and Aims: During positive energy balance, excess lipid storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with increased lipolysis. Elevated circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations from both SAT lipolysis and dietary fat intake may result in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, impairment of glucose metabolism, altogether increasing obesity-associated metabolic risks. We aimed to test the hypothesis that FA composition of red blood cell total phospholipids (RBC-TPL) and SAT is associated with body fat centralisation (VAT/SAT ratio) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in black South African women with obesity. Methods: Participants’ (n = 41) body fat composition and distribution, SI, and RBC-TPL, abdominal and gluteal SAT (gSAT) FA composition (gas-liquid chromatography) were measured. Results: RBC-TPL contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than SAT (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-16 were lower, while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase indices were higher in RBC-TPL than SAT (p < 0.001). Interestingly, FA profiles differed between SAT depots with higher SFAs and lower MUFAs, SCD1-16 and SCD1-18 indices in abdominal compared to gluteal SAT (p < 0.01). In both SAT depots, higher SFAs and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) correlated with lower VAT/SAT ratio; and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) and higher total MUFA correlated with higher SI. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relationships between the FA composition of RBC-TPL and SAT and metabolic risk in black women with obesity, which are dependent on both the FA class, and the tissue type/blood compartment in which they are distributed.

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Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity: An appropriate -cell response in black South African women

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc08-2048 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 860-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

J. H. Goedecke ◽

J. A. Dave ◽

M. V. Faulenbach ◽

K. M. Utzschneider ◽

E. V. Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

South African ◽

Cell Response ◽

Insulin Response ◽

African Women ◽

Black South African ◽

South African Women

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Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity: An Appropriate -Cell Response in Black South African Women: Response to Goedecke et al.

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc09-1077 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. e123-e123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. I. Joffe ◽

L. A. Distiller

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

South African ◽

Cell Response ◽

Insulin Response ◽

African Women ◽

Black South African ◽

South African Women

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Differential Effects of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution on Insulin Sensitivity in Black and White South African Women

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2009.73 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 1506-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Julia H. Goedecke ◽

Naomi S. Levitt ◽

Estelle V. Lambert ◽

Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽

Mirjam V. Faulenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

South African ◽

African Women ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Black And White ◽

Adipose Tissue Distribution ◽

South African Women

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Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende ◽

Philippe J. Gradidge ◽

Nigel J. Crowther ◽

Shane A. Norris ◽

Tinashe Chikowore

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

African Women ◽

Whole Body ◽

Black South African ◽

Nutrient Patterns ◽

South African Women

Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the variance of nutrient intake. Linear models of the body composition parameters as outcome variables indicated that a standard deviation increase in the animal driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) (1.29 kg·m−2 (95% CI, 0.54–2.04; p = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (26.30 cm2 (7.97–44.63); p = 0.005), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (9.88 cm2 (5.13–14.63); p < 0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (0.01 (0.00–0.02); p = 0.018), whole body fat mass index (0.74 kg·m−2 (0.25–1.22); p = 0.003), and whole body lean mass index (0.53 kg·m−2 (0.23–0.83); p = 0.001). An increase in plant driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with an increase in SAT of 20.45 cm2 (0.47–40.43); p = 0.045. This study demonstrates that animal driven nutrient pattern, characterised by the consumption of more animal protein and fat nutrients, similar to the western diet is associated with increased body fat and lean mass.

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Glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in adipose tissue and associated metabolic risk in black and white South African women

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/ijo.2014.94 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J H Goedecke ◽

E Chorell ◽

D E W Livingstone ◽

R H Stimson ◽

P Hayes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

South African ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

African Women ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Black And White ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene ◽

South African Women ◽

Receptor Gene Expression

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Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-19-0957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 183 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt ◽

Amy E Mendham ◽

Jon Hauksson ◽

Olah Hakim ◽

Darko Stefanovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

South African ◽

Fat Mass ◽

African Women ◽

Control Group ◽

Ectopic Fat ◽

Black South African ◽

South African Women

Objective We investigated the effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on insulin sensitivity (SI) and hyperinsulinemia and associated changes in regional and ectopic fat. Research design and methods Healthy, black South African women with obesity (mean age 23 ± 3.5 years) and of isiXhosa ancestry were randomised into a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise training group (n = 23) and a no exercise group (control, n = 22). Pre and post-intervention testing included assessment of SI, insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin secretion rate (ISR), hepatic insulin extraction (FEL) and disposition index (DI) (AIRg × SI) (frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test); fat mass and regional adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); hepatic, pancreatic and skeletal muscle fat content and abdominal s.c. and visceral adipose tissue volumes (MRI). Results Exercise training increased VO2peak (mean ± s.d.: 24.9 ± 2.42 to 27.6 ± 3.39 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001), SI (2.0 (1.2–2.8) to 2.2 (1.5–3.7) (mU/l)−1 min−1, P = 0.005) and DI (median (interquartile range): 6.1 (3.6–7.1) to 6.5 (5.6–9.2) × 103 arbitrary units, P = 0.028), and decreased gynoid fat mass (18.5 ± 1.7 to 18.2 ± 1.6%, P < 0.001) and body weight (84.1 ± 8.7 to 83.3 ± .9.7 kg, P = 0.038). None of these changes were observed in the control group, but body weight increased (P = 0.030). AIRg, ISR and FEL, VAT, SAT and ectopic fat were unaltered after exercise training. The increase in SI and DI were not associated with changes in regional or ectopic fat. Conclusion Exercise training increased SI independent from changes in hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat, suggesting that ectopic fat might not be a principal determinant of insulin resistance in this cohort.

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