Convolutional Neural Network Based Frameworks for Fast Automatic Segmentation of Thalamic Nuclei from Native and Synthesized Contrast Structural MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Umapathy ◽  
Mahesh Bharath Keerthivasan ◽  
Natalie M. Zahr ◽  
Ali Bilgin ◽  
Manojkumar Saranathan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei

Carpal Bone Segmentation Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-989
Author(s):  
Liang Kim Meng ◽  
Azira Khalil ◽  
Muhamad Hanif Ahmad Nizar ◽  
Maryam Kamarun Nisham ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis

Background: Bone Age Assessment (BAA) refers to a clinical procedure that aims to identify a discrepancy between biological and chronological age of an individual by assessing the bone age growth. Currently, there are two main methods of executing BAA which are known as Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse techniques. Both techniques involve a manual and qualitative assessment of hand and wrist radiographs, resulting in intra and inter-operator variability accuracy and time-consuming. An automatic segmentation can be applied to the radiographs, providing the physician with more accurate delineation of the carpal bone and accurate quantitative analysis. Methods: In this study, we proposed an image feature extraction technique based on image segmentation with the fully convolutional neural network with eight stride pixel (FCN-8). A total of 290 radiographic images including both female and the male subject of age ranging from 0 to 18 were manually segmented and trained using FCN-8. Results and Conclusion: The results exhibit a high training accuracy value of 99.68% and a loss rate of 0.008619 for 50 epochs of training. The experiments compared 58 images against the gold standard ground truth images. The accuracy of our fully automated segmentation technique is 0.78 ± 0.06, 1.56 ±0.30 mm and 98.02% in terms of Dice Coefficient, Hausdorff Distance, and overall qualitative carpal recognition accuracy, respectively.

scholarly journals Multisite Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network Classifier and Individual Morphological Brain Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Gao ◽  
Mingren Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yachun Gao ◽  
Yanling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Framework

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental disorders with behavioral and cognitive impairment and brings huge burdens to the patients’ families and the society. To accurately identify patients with ASD from typical controls is important for early detection and early intervention. However, almost all the current existing classification methods for ASD based on structural MRI (sMRI) mainly utilize the independent local morphological features and do not consider the covariance patterns of these features between regions. In this study, by combining the convolutional neural network (CNN) and individual structural covariance network, we proposed a new framework to classify ASD patients with sMRI data from the ABIDE consortium. Moreover, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to characterize the weight of features contributing to the classification. The experimental results showed that our proposed method outperforms the currently used methods for classifying ASD patients with the ABIDE data and achieves a high classification accuracy of 71.8% across different sites. Furthermore, the discriminative features were found to be mainly located in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, which may be the early biomarkers for the diagnosis of ASD. Our study demonstrated that CNN is an effective tool to build the framework for the diagnosis of ASD with individual structural covariance brain network.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation in Brain MRI Using Inception Modules Embedded in a Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shahab U. Ansari ◽  
Kamran Javed ◽  
Saeed Mian Qaisar ◽  
Rashad Jillani ◽  
Usman Haider
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Lesion Segmentation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and autoimmune disease that forms lesions in the central nervous system. Quantitative analysis of these lesions has proved to be very useful in clinical trials for therapies and assessing disease prognosis. However, the efficacy of these quantitative analyses greatly depends on how accurately the MS lesions have been identified and segmented in brain MRI. This is usually carried out by radiologists who label 3D MR images slice by slice using commonly available segmentation tools. However, such manual practices are time consuming and error prone. To circumvent this problem, several automatic segmentation techniques have been investigated in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new framework for automatic brain lesion segmentation that employs a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. In order to segment lesions of different sizes, we have to pick a specific filter or size 3 × 3 or 5 × 5. Sometimes, it is hard to decide which filter will work better to get the best results. Google Net has solved this problem by introducing an inception module. An inception module uses 3 × 3 , 5 × 5 , 1 × 1 and max pooling filters in parallel fashion. Results show that incorporating inception modules in a CNN has improved the performance of the network in the segmentation of MS lesions. We compared the results of the proposed CNN architecture for two loss functions: binary cross entropy (BCE) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) using the publicly available ISBI-2015 challenge dataset. A score of 93.81 which is higher than the human rater with BCE loss function is achieved.

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