scholarly journals Techno-economic comparison of technology options for deep decarbonization and electrification of residential heating.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Zuberi ◽  
J. Chambers ◽  
M. K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis study aims to provide detailed information on the key technologies that utilize renewables for decarbonization and electrification of the residential heating sector. To contextualize and compare the economics of the technologies, a levelized cost model is employed to perform a comparative analysis for a dense urban area in Switzerland. The outcome shows that decarbonization of the heat supply with a dominant share of renewables is feasible, but it is challenged by the high cost of some options. In the given context (current energy and CO2 prices, no coercive measures), the rapid shift from conventional boilers to electrification via decentralized heat pumps and/or the introduction of targeted small-scale thermal energy networks utilizing cheap local resources like industrial excess heat is the most viable option. The replacement of natural gas boilers with electrification technologies also is recommendable because it would result in a sixfold reduction in specific CO2 emissions. Wide-scale application of heat pumps may require significant electricity grid reinforcement which ultimately may escalate the costs. Large-scale district heating systems are currently relatively expensive due to the high network costs and require a sustainable financing mechanism. To speed up the energy transition, policy interventions by the government are urgently needed.

COMPARATIVE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCALES OF POULTRY-EGG PRODUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Solomon T. Folorunso ◽  
T. Omosebi ◽  
D. A. Agbonika
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government

The study compared the allocative efficiency and profitability of poultry-egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, across different scales. To select 143 respondents, a two-stage sampling technique was used.   Using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules, primary data on socioeconomic variables were collected. Collected data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic production frontier model. Result of allocative efficiency showed the following: The mean allocative efficiency of the small, medium and large scales was 0.68, 0.12 and 0.11 respectively; the minimum allocative efficiency for small, medium and large scales was 0.30, 0.10 and 0.10 respectively. The maximum allocative efficiency was 0.59, 0.18 and 0.11 respectively for small, medium and large scale farmers. The profitability result indicated that egg production for small, medium and large-scale farms was profitable in the study area with N675, 671.79, N4, 897,236.09 and N16, 327,633.66 per farmer. The rate of return on investment per bird was found to be 19.51%, 31.21% and 83.13% respectively for small, medium and large farm sizes. For small, medium and large-scale farmers respectively, the capital turnover per bird was N 1.20, N1.31 and N1.83. Also, the profitability indices for the small, medium and large scales are N0.16, N0.24 and N0.45. The study recommends that; Farmers should be advised to increase production from small scale to large scale through policies that will promote such, special intervention is needed from the government at all levels through farmers’ cooperatives in the area of inputs subsidy, price efficiency of the farmers could

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential Contribution of District Heating to the Flexibility of the Future Italian Power System

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Chiara Magni ◽  
Sylvain Quoilin ◽  
Alessia Arteconi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Promising Solution

Flexibility is crucial to enable the penetration of high shares of renewables in the power system while ensuring the security and affordability of the electricity dispatch. In this regard, heat–electricity sector coupling technologies are considered a promising solution for the integration of flexible devices such as thermal storage units and heat pumps. The deployment of these devices would also enable the decarbonization of the heating sector, responsible for around half of the energy consumption in the EU, of which 75% is currently supplied by fossil fuels. This paper investigates in which measure the diffusion of district heating (DH) coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) units can contribute to the overall system flexibility and to the provision of operating reserves for energy systems with high renewable penetration. The deployment of two different DH supply technologies, namely combined heat and power units (CHP) and large-scale heat pumps (P2HT), is modeled and compared in terms of performance. The case study analyzed is the future Italian energy system, which is simulated through the unit commitment and optimal dispatch model Dispa-SET. Results show that DH coupled with heat pumps and CHP units could enable both costs and emissions related to the heat–electricity sector to be reduced by up to 50%. DH systems also proved to be a promising solution to grant the flexibility and resilience of power systems with high shares of renewables by significantly reducing the curtailment of renewables and cost-optimally providing up to 15% of the total upward reserve requirements.

BUILDINGS AS ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR GRID STABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Friedrich Sick ◽  
Ralph Füger
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Massive Structure

A successful energy transition depends on storage options in order to ensure power supply stability under a fluctuating generation of a growing share of renewable energies (RE). Battery storage is expensive and raw material intensive and therefore not suitable as a sole solution. Surplus electricity may easily be converted to heat, which can be stored inexpensively for a short term. With such simple Power-to-Heat or P2H solutions, lack of electric power cannot be offset by conventional heat storage. However, if a building or an urban quarter is heated by means of cogeneration, so-called Combined Heat and Power (CHP), or heat pumps (HP), the operation can be adjusted in such a way, that the building itself, i.e. its massive structure, serves as heat storage. Electricity generation and consumption is adjusted to the requirements of the grid (reactive power control). For the supply of a Berlin quarter, built in the 1950s and equipped with a district heating network and a CHP plant, the feasibility of the concept could be proved using dynamic building simulation as the analysis tool. Sixteen percent of the total heating consumption may useably be stored and extracted from the building structure. In absolute numbers: 73 MWh/a heat can be buffered corresponding to 34 MWh/a balancing electricity. For each square meter of living area, 3.7 kWh electrical balancing energy can be buffered in the building's thermal storage capacity. Nothing else is required than a re-programming of heating and possibly cooling controls. No capital investment is needed. Well insulated and more massive structures could show a proportion of 27% of such shifted heat.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Pumped Thermal Electricity Storages—Converting Energy Using Shallow Lined Rock Caverns, Carbon Dioxide and Underground Pumped-Hydro

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Lalanne ◽  
Paul Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Rock Cavern ◽  
Lined Rock Cavern ◽  
Thermal Stores

A fast-paced energy transition needs a higher penetration of renewables, of heating and cooling in the worldwide energy mix. With three novelties 1-of using shallow high-pressure LRC (Lined Rock Cavern) excavated close to storage needs, 2-of using a slow-moving CO2 piston applying steady pressure on the hydro part of UPHES (Underground Pumped Hydro Energy Storage) and 3-of relying on inexpensive thermal stores for long-duration storage, CO2 UPHES coupled with PTES (Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage) could become, at expected Capex cost of only 20 USD/kWh electrical, a game-changer by allowing the complete integration of intermittent renewable sources. Moreover, even though this early conceptual work requires validation by simulation and experimentation, CO2 UPHES as well as UPHES-PTES hybrid storage could also allow a low-cost and low-emission integration of intermittent renewables with future district heating and cooling networks.

A Perspective on Energy Storage and Other Means to Integrate Increasing Shares of Renewable Electricity Generation

Green ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Neuhaus ◽  
Frank-Detlef Drake ◽  
Gunnar Hoffmann ◽  
Friedrich Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe transition to a sustainable electricity supply from renewable energy sources (RES) imposes major technical and economic challenges upon market players and the legislator. In particular the rapid growth of volatile wind power and photovoltaic generation requires a high level of flexibility of the entire electricity system, therefore major investments in infrastructures are needed to maintain system stability. This raises the important question about the role that central large-scale energy storage and/or small-scale distributed storage (“energy storage at home”) are going to play in the energy transition. Economic analyses show that the importance of energy storage is going to be rather limited in the medium term. Especially competing options like intelligent grid extension and flexible operation of power plants are expected to remain favourable. Nonetheless additional storage capacities are required if the share of RES substantially exceeds 50% in the long term. Due to the fundamental significance of energy storages, R&D considers a broad variety of types each suitable for a specific class of application.

scholarly journals Development Strategy of National Food Sovereignty To Encounter Radicalism Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Management

Higher demand for broader and possible growth of the problem of state instability. Nothing more than a problem triggers social conflict on a small scale to a large scale. This study aims to identify and study various reasons in Indonesia and also formulate conceptions to increase the responsibility of communities in remote areas. The qualitative method in this study was carried out descriptively based on literature studies. The approach used in this study is integral to the national paradigm and applicable regulations. The results of the study show that the concepts that are following the conditions of the community, increase competitiveness among the environment that can be accessed by the government and facilitate people to manage the natural resources of the region, conduct and implement site-specific management and develop economic management to produce superior products.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengadaan Tanah Skala Kecil dengan dan tanpa Penetapan Lokasi di Kabupaten Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Wenny Yolanda Ratna Sari ◽  
Priyo Katon Prasetyo ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
The Government

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Analyzing Highly Renewable and Sector-coupled Sub-national Energy Systems–Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Feasible Solutions

The energy transition requires integration of different energy carriers, including electricity, heat, and transport sectors. Energy modeling methods and tools are essential to provide a clear insight into the energy transition. However, the methodologies often overlook the details of small-scale energy systems. The study states an innovative approach to facilitate sub-national energy systems with 100% renewable penetration and sectoral integration. An optimization model, OSeEM-SN, is developed under the Oemof framework. The model is validated using the case study of Schleswig-Holstein. The study assumes three scenarios representing 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total available biomass potentials. OSeEM-SN reaches feasible solutions without additional offshore wind investment, indicating that they can be reserved for supplying other states’ energy demand. The annual investment cost varies between 1.02 bn – 1.44 bn €/yr for the three scenarios. The electricity generation decreases by 17%, indicating that with high biomass-based combined heat and power plants, the curtailment from other renewable plants can be decreased. Ground source heat pumps dominate the heat mix; however, their installation decreases by 28% as the biomass penetrates fully into the energy mix. The validation confirms OSeEM-SN as a beneficial tool to examine different scenarios for sub-national energy systems.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cold Air Recirculation in the Evaporators of Large-Scale Air-Source Heat Pumps Using CFD Simulations

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Brice Rogié ◽  
Jonas Kjær Jensen ◽  
Svenn Ole Kjøller Hansen ◽  
Wiebke Brix Markussen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump

The present study investigates cold air recirculation in the evaporators of large-scale air-source heat pumps. A case study considered a 5 MW air-source heat pump producing heat for district heating. The heat pump comprises 20 horizontal evaporators, where each evaporator is equipped with eight fans. The evaporators were implemented in a CFD model, where the influence of the outdoor wind direction on the recirculation was investigated. Firstly, the air recirculation was analysed with no surrounding obstacles. Secondly, the surrounding building and the real ground topology was included in the CFD model, to analyse their influence on the air recirculation. The results show that recirculation occurs for all wind directions, due to the turbulent behaviour of the flow around the evaporators. The results also show that the presence of a building intensifies the recirculation when it is placed directly upstream of the evaporators due to the presence of vortices in the wake of the building. On the other hand, a ground depression helps to reduce the recirculation by having additional energy dissipation due to the sudden change in the ground direction.

scholarly journals Co-Management of Small-Scale Fisheries in Chile From a Network Governance Perspective

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Cristian Albornoz ◽  
Johannes Glückler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benthic Resources

We examine decision-making, shared authority, and pluralism as key characteristics for the effective co-management of natural resources. Drawing on the concept of network governance, we complement this approach by studying localized practices of governance that support existing and compensate for missing aspects in the regulation. The regime of territorial use rights for fisheries (TURF) in Chile is a recognized example of large-scale co-management that has given rise to local organizations that manage and exploit benthic resources. Based on multi-sited qualitative fieldwork across five regions, we analyze practices with respect to two governance objects: the deterrence of illegal fishing and the periodic assessment of the fisheries’ biology fields. Our analysis shows that local fisher organizations have institutionalized informal practices of surveillance and monitoring to fill in the gaps of existing regulations. Although fisher organizations and consultants—the so-called management and exploitation areas for benthic resources (AMERB)—have managed to operate the TURF regime, they depend on the government to enforce regulations and receive public subsidies to cover the costs of delegated governance tasks. We suggest that governance effectiveness could benefit from delegating additional authority to the local level. This would enhance the supervision of productive areas and better adaptation of national co-management regulations to the specific geographical context.

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