COMPARATIVE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCALES OF POULTRY-EGG PRODUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Solomon T. Folorunso ◽  
T. Omosebi ◽  
D. A. Agbonika
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government

The study compared the allocative efficiency and profitability of poultry-egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, across different scales. To select 143 respondents, a two-stage sampling technique was used.   Using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules, primary data on socioeconomic variables were collected. Collected data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic production frontier model. Result of allocative efficiency showed the following: The mean allocative efficiency of the small, medium and large scales was 0.68, 0.12 and 0.11 respectively; the minimum allocative efficiency for small, medium and large scales was 0.30, 0.10 and 0.10 respectively. The maximum allocative efficiency was 0.59, 0.18 and 0.11 respectively for small, medium and large scale farmers. The profitability result indicated that egg production for small, medium and large-scale farms was profitable in the study area with N675, 671.79, N4, 897,236.09 and N16, 327,633.66 per farmer. The rate of return on investment per bird was found to be 19.51%, 31.21% and 83.13% respectively for small, medium and large farm sizes. For small, medium and large-scale farmers respectively, the capital turnover per bird was N 1.20, N1.31 and N1.83. Also, the profitability indices for the small, medium and large scales are N0.16, N0.24 and N0.45. The study recommends that; Farmers should be advised to increase production from small scale to large scale through policies that will promote such, special intervention is needed from the government at all levels through farmers’ cooperatives in the area of inputs subsidy, price efficiency of the farmers could

scholarly journals Measuring Livelihood Vulnerability to Large-Scale and Small-Scale Mining in Rural Ghana: A Comparative Examination of Agrarian Households

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Vincent Abankwah
Keyword(s):  
Differential Effect ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
Comparative Examination

While promoting both large-scale and small-scale mining to facilitate rural development and poverty reduction, it becomes imperative to examine the level of exposure and the risk of mining on assets and livelihoods of agrarian households in mining communities. The study was, therefore, designed to examine the differential effect of the risk of large-scale and small-scale mining on livelihoods of agrarian households. The study covered five regions of Ghana namely, Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Central and Brong-Ahafo Regions, where both large-scale and small-scale mining are pervasive.  A two-stage sampling technique was used to sample 864 agrarian households in the study area for primary data. The 864 households comprised 432 households selected from 36 communities which are exclusively exposed to the activities of large-scale mining and 432 households selected from 36 communities exclusively exposed to the activities of small-scale mining. Household livelihood vulnerability (HLV) index was used to measure livelihood vulnerability to the risk of mining. The study established that though agrarian households are susceptible to both large-scale and small-scale mining, assets and livelihoods of such households are more vulnerable to the                 risk of large-scale mining than small-scale mining. Emanating from the study are recommendations to reduce household livelihood vulnerability to both large-scale and small-scale mining and facilitate livelihood development among agrarian households in mining communities of rural Ghana.

PERANAN INSPEKTORAT KABUPATENSUMENEP DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN SUMENEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Furqani ◽  
Hafidhah .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government

In this era, a lot of activities that can not be separated from the practice of cheating or fraud , no exception In the government . Inspektorat Sumenep is the leading institution of internal Local Government in preventing and detecting fraud in the Local Government appropiate Perbup Sumenep No. 29 of 2008 . Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep need attention on the issue . This is due to Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep an agency with the largest number of assets and managing large budgets . These conditions led to the formulation of the problem is How Inspektorat Sumenep role in preventing and detecting fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep. This study used a qualitative approach in which the focus of this study is Inspektorat role in preventing and detecting fraud at Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . Primary data obtained by direct interviews with the parties directly related to the determination of the source of research data in a qualitative study using nonprobability sampling . The sampling technique used was purposive sampling . The conclusion of this study, role of the Inspektorat Sumenep in the prevention of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep still not maximal . This is due to Inspektorat Sumenep not supervise from the planning / budgeting and not optimal in overseeing and assisting the implementation of the SPIP as an instrument of fraud prevention in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . The role of Inspektorat Sumenep in the detection of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep done by conducting an audit of financial and asset management in each financial year.Keywords: fraud, government, inspektorat.

scholarly journals Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Bin Mushambanyi Théodore Munyuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 around the flower growing areas in central Uganda to generate baseline information on the status of pollinators. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire that aimed at determining farmers and flower farm officials’ perceptions on the impact of activities carried out inside greenhouses on pollinators, human health, and on crop production in the surroundings. Results indicated that the quantity of pesticides and fertilizers applied daily varied among the different flower farms visited. Bee species richness and abundance varied significantly (P<0.01) according to flower farm location, to the landscape vegetation type, and to field types found in the surrounding of flower farms. Bee richness found around flower farms varied in number from 20 to 40 species in total across seasons and years. Bee density increased significantly with the increase in flower density. Small-scale farmers were aware of the value and importance of pollination services in their farming business. There was no clear evidence of a direct effect of agrochemicals application on bee communities living in the surrounding habitats. There is a need for further research to be conducted on human health risks and for toxicological studies on soils, plants, flowers, and bees in the farm landscape.

scholarly journals Income status of different fodder farmers in selected areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
J Begum ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
M Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Large Farmer ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revenue Function

Producing and trading of green fodder are recognised as a profitable venture in many parts of the country, but data and information in this aspect are very scanty. The study determined the income coefficient of fodder farm households to study the fodder marketing and processing in different locations, and highlighted farmers problems related to fodder marketing and processing. In this regard, four study areas were selected from four districts viz: Dinajpur, Jessore, Kurigram and Rangpur purposively considering the concentration of fodder production and marketing. A purposive sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the field. In the study 3 categories of sample farmers were selected namely: i) Fodder Producer cum seller; ii) Fodder Producer cum Dairy owner having 1-2 dairy cows as small, 3-4 dairy cows as medium and 5 and above dairy cows as large farmer and iii) Fodder Middlemen. A total of 200 fodder farmers were interviewed. Field survey method and focus group discussions were followed to collect necessary data and information. Descriptive statistics and Cobb Douglas type revenue function were applied to meet the objectives and to get the desirable outputs. Functional analysis revealed that fodder sale and livestock rearing and fodder business significantly contributed to the household income of the fodder farmers and middlemen. The dairy farmers having 1-2, 3-4 and 4-5 cross-bred dairy cattle earned Tk. 1,20,227, Tk. 1,91,728 and Tk. 4,17,287, respectively, whereas local cattle earned Tk. 33, 658, Tk. 51,601 and Tk. 1,13,558, respectively from milk sell annually. It was found that fodder middlemen’s income from fodder business highest in Kurigram district and lowest in Jessore district. Fodder processing was not happened in the study areas. Main marketing channels were: (i) Producer cum seller-Dairy owner and (ii) Producer cum seller-Fodder Middlemen-Dairy owner. Fodder farmers faced various socioeconomic problems during its processing and marketing. The major problems were the lack of HYV fodder species, lack of knowledge, lack of input facilities, and lack of marketing facilities. The government should provide HYV fodder, cultivation training, preservation technique, and organized market to the fodder farmers in the study areas. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 133-141, 2018

scholarly journals EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TERNAK AYAM BROILER POLA KEMITRAAN DI KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dira Asri Pramita ◽  
Nunung Kusnadi ◽  
Harianto Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

<em>Due to the high cost of investment in broiler production and the risk involved, various types of lease arrangement in broiler production exist in Indonesia. Two of the best known arrangement include the contract system and the informal profit sharing system. The difference in these two types of arrangement lies in the degree of cooperation which influence their technical efficiency. This study aims to measure the technical efficiencies of broiler farms with the contract system and the profit sharing system. This study also analyzed the basic determinants of the technical efficiency, as well as the socio-economic variables that affect business performance. Cross section data was collected from Limapuluh Kota district between July to September 2015. The purposive  sampling technique was used to identify 87 farmers of which 50 were involved in the contract system arrangement while 37 were involved in the profit sharing arrangement. The data was analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Production Frontier. The results showed that the type of lease arrangement affects the level of technical efficiency. When compared, the technical efficiency of contract system arrangement was higher than that of the informal profit sharing arrangement. The age and experience of broiler farmers significantly influenced the level of technical efficiency. However, while age was positive experience was negative.</em>

scholarly journals Socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
C.O. Osarenren ◽  
J.O. Ejuetueyin ◽  
K.I. Eweka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State; Nigeria. Primary data was collected using a well structured questionnaire administered to 180 registered cocoa farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. Results showed that 88.9% of cocoa farmers were male with a mean range of 46 years with 75% being married and 88.8% having formal education. The budgetary technique was used to determine the profitability of cocoa production, which was found to be profitable in the study area at a gross margin of N66, 350, Net Farm Income of N59, 200, and net return on investment of N 1.11.The Benefit Cost Ratio and Expense Structure Ratio of 2.11 and 0.12 respectively indicated that cocoa production was economically profitable and viable since the BCR is greater than 1 and the Gross Ratio (GR) of cocoa production is 0.47. From these profitability ratios, it shows that cocoa production is a profitable business in the study area. Inadequate finance to operate on large scale was found to be the major constraint to the cocoa farmers in the study area. The study concludes that cocoa production is profitable and was recommended that production could be improved and sustained through provision of soft loans to the farmers.Keywords: socio-economics, characteristics, registered cocoa farmers

scholarly journals Marketing System of Small Scale Broiler in Selected Areas of Tangail District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Shahida Akhter ◽  
Alamgir Hasan ◽  
Hasan Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Most Tahmina Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Marketing Information

The study was attempted to explore the small scale broiler farming of Tangail district. Bhuapur, Ghatail, Kalihati, Shakhipur, Delduar and Basail Upazilas were selected purposively for this study. Primary data were collected through face to face interview with the respondents of broiler farmers during February to July, 2016. Secondary data were collected from the BBS, poultry production and marketing reports, journals, DAM, DLS and MS theses. A total of 30 broiler farm owners and 54 intermediaries were selected by applying purposive sampling technique. In the production and marketing system of broiler, many intermediaries were involved such as Bepari, Paiker, Wholesaler and Retailer. Marketing of broiler, produced in Tangail district, was moved from producers to the consumers through four separate chains. The average production cost of farmer for 500 birds was BDT 54781.25, and marketing cost of paiker, wholesaler and retailer were BDT 1230, BDT 1310 and BDT 440, respectively. However, beparies received highest marketing cost which was BDT 1370/500 birds. Transportation was found as the highest cost item which was 37.96%, 39.02% and 40.46%, in case of bepari, paiker, and wholesalers, respectively, but there was no transportation cost of retailer. Broiler farmers sold 90% of their broiler to paiker/bepari and remaining 10% to retailer (distance paiker) sold directly. Paikers sold 85.63% of their broilers to retailers and 14.34% to retailers through wholesalers. Consumer purchases100% of broiler from the retailers in the study areas. Broiler producers did not get fair price due to lack of economic storage facilities, existence of stronger middlemen, inadequacy of veterinary care and services, inefficient transportation facilities, and lack of proper marketing information. It could be concluded that institutional credits, timely supply of inputs and stable price of broiler should be ensured along with the provision of transport and market facilities. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 243-254,  August 2020

scholarly journals Dampak Perkembangan Pariwisata Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Pulau Nusa Lembongan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Budi Shantika ◽  
I Gusti Agung Oka Mahagangga
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This research was conducted based on the condition of the development of tourism on the island of Nusa Lembongan, aiming to find out the impact brought about by socio-economic conditions against the tourism society.This study uses qualitative and quantitative approach with mix method, the primary data source that are obtained by observations and direct interviews and secondary data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling techniques and data analysis using the method of case study. This study shows tourism provides impact on society and the government on the island of Nusa Lembongan are seen from eight aspect among others : impact increasing of foreign exchange, impact toward local community income that increasing before tourism exist, impact toward higher prices than the real prices, impact toward employment for opportunity to local community, ownership and control of tourism accommodation, the distribution of benefits and advantage against indigenous village, development in general are seen from 4A tourism and government income of tax viewed from PHR. Advice can be given to government and businessman and tourism service on the island of Nusa Lembongan in the order of future improve the facilities, infrastructure supporting tourism, reinforce the rules on the division of the proceeds against the indigenous villages, improving access and employment for local community on the island of Nusa Lembongan.   Key Words              : Tourism, Nusa Lembongan Island, Impact

Unsteady Structure Measurement of Cloud Cavitation on a Foil Section Using Conditional Sampling Technique

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kubota ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
H. Yamaguchi ◽  
M. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conditional Sampling ◽  
Cloud Cavitation ◽  
Structure Of Flow

The structure of flow around unsteady cloud cavitation on a stationary two-dimensional hydrofoil was investigated experimentally using a conditional sampling technique. The unsteady flow velocity around the cloud cavitation was measured by a Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and matched with the unsteady cavitation appearance photographed by a high-speed camera. This matching procedure was performed using data from pressure fluctuation measurements on the foil surface. The velocities were divided into two components using a digital filter, i.e., large-scale (low-frequency) and small-scale (high frequency) ones. The large-scale component corresponds with the large-scale unsteady cloud cavitation motion. In this manner, the unsteady structure of the cloud cavitation was successfully measured. The experimental result showed that the cloud cavitation observed at the present experiment had a vorticity extremum at its center and a cluster containing many small cavitation bubbles. The convection velocity of the cavitation cloud was much lower than the uniform velocity. The small-scale velocity fluctuation was not distributed uniformly in the cavitation cloud, but was concentrated near its boundary.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency in Organic Farming: Evidence from Cotton Farms in Viotia, Greece

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangelis Tzouvelekas ◽  
Christos J. Pantzios ◽  
Christos Fotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Farm Types

AbstractUsing recent advances in the stochastic production frontier framework, this paper presents an empirical analysis of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of a sample of organic and conventional cotton farms located in Greece. The results suggest that both farm types in the sample examined are technically, allocatively and economically inefficient. Farmer's age and education and farm size are important factors in explaining differentials in efficiency estimates. In comparative terms, organic farms exhibit lower efficiency scores vis-à-vis their conventional counterparts in terms of technical and economic efficiency; regarding allocative efficiency both farm types are almost equally inefficient. Low efficiency scores in both types of farming may be attributed to the respective intervention policies of the last 20 years.

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