Role of integrated noise in pathway-specific signal propagation in feed-forward loops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintu Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Specific Signal

Weak signal detection and propagation in diluted feed-forward neural network with recurrent excitation and inhibition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Ruixue Han ◽  
Xilei Wei ◽  
Yingmei Qin ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Weak Signal ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Recurrent Excitation ◽  
Iterated Maps ◽  
Network States ◽  
Circuit Function

Reliable signal propagation across distributed brain areas provides the basis for neural circuit function. Modeling studies on cortical circuits have shown that multilayered feed-forward networks (FFNs), if strongly and/or densely connected, can enable robust signal propagation. However, cortical networks are typically neither densely connected nor have strong synapses. This paper investigates under which conditions spiking activity can be propagated reliably across diluted FFNs. Extending previous works, we model each layer as a recurrent sub-network constituting both excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurons and consider the effect of interactions between local excitation and inhibition on signal propagation. It is shown that elevation of cellular excitation–inhibition (EI) balance in the local sub-networks (layers) softens the requirement for dense/strong anatomical connections and thereby promotes weak signal propagation in weakly connected networks. By means of iterated maps, we show how elevated local excitability state compensates for the decreased gain of synchrony transfer function that is due to sparse long-range connectivity. Finally, we report that modulations of EI balance and background activity provide a mechanism for selectively gating and routing neural signal. Our results highlight the essential role of intrinsic network states in neural computation.

Gating-signal propagation by a feed-forward neural motif

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Liang ◽  
Serhiy Yanchuk ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Feed Forward

Variability and Corresponding Amplitude–Velocity Relation of Activity Propagating in One-Dimensional Neural Cultures

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3597-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimshon Jacobi ◽  
Elisha Moses
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Neuron Activation ◽  
Velocity Relation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Chemical Stimuli

We investigate the propagation of neural activity along one-dimensional rat hippocampal cultures patterned in lines over multielectrode arrays. Activity occurs spontaneously or is evoked by local electrical or chemical stimuli, with different resulting propagation velocities and firing rate amplitudes. A variability of an order of magnitude in velocity and amplitude is observed in spontaneous activity. A linear relation between velocity and amplitude is identified. We define a measure for neuron activation synchrony and find that it correlates with front velocity and is higher for electrically evoked fronts. We present a model that explains the linear relation between amplitude and velocity, which highlights the role of synchrony. The relation to current models for signal propagation in neural media is discussed.

The role of enzalutamide-induced hyperactive Jak2-Stat5 feed-forward signaling loop on enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer growth and as a therapeutic target for second-line treatment.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 221-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vindhya Udhane ◽  
Cristina Maranto ◽  
David Hoang ◽  
Andrew Erickson ◽  
Savita Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Feed Forward

221 Background: Androgen targeted therapy remains the mainstay for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, enzalutamide (ENZ), re-targets persistent AR activity in castrate-resistant (CR) PC tumors, and is approved for CRPC. Despite initial clinical activity, acquired resistance to ENZ arises rapidly and most patients succumb to PC. Mechanisms underlying resistance to ENZ are incompletely understood. Prior work has established Stat5 as a potent inducer of PC growth. Here, we investigated the significance of Jak2-Stat5 signaling in ENZ-resistant growth of PC. Methods: Levels of Jak2 and Stat5 activation in PC cells, tumors and patient samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, 3D tumor explant cultures and western blotting. Jak2 and Stat5 were inhibited by lentiviral (expression of) shRNA or pharmacologically. Levels of mRNA were assessed by QPCR and gene expression profiling. Results: ENZ induced a robust increase in Stat5 activation in PC cells in vitro, in xenograft tumors in vivo and in patient-derived PCs during ENZ treatment. Mechanistically, ENZ activation of Stat5 involves a positive feed-forward mechanism where ENZ-liganded AR induces rapid and sustained Jak2 phosphorylation in PC cells through a process involving Jak2-specific phosphatases. This results in a formation of a positive feed-forward loop in PC where activated Stat5 induces Jak2 mRNA and protein levels in PC. We showed that active Stat5 increased viability of PC cells during ENZ treatment and, at the same time, inhibition of Stat5 as a second-line treatment induced excessive death of PC cells surviving ENZ treatment. Importantly, pharmacological Stat5 blockade inhibited CR growth of PC xenograft tumors after ENZ resistance developed. Conclusions: Collectively, this work introduces a novel concept for a pivotal role of Jak2-Stat5 signaling in mediating resistance of PC to ENZ. Pharmacological Jak2-Stat5 inhibition may provide efficacious therapy in advanced PC in combination with ENZ or after ENZ fails.

scholarly journals Signal propagation of the MAPK cascade in Xenopus oocytes: role of bistability and ultrasensitivity for a mixed problem

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Blossey ◽  
Jean-François Bodart ◽  
Anne Devys ◽  
Thierry Goudon ◽  
Pauline Lafitte
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Problem ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Mapk Cascade

scholarly journals Origin and propagation of sedimentary sequences throughout the Escanilla fluvial routing system (South Pyrenean foreland basin)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Valero ◽  
Elisabet Beamud ◽  
Miguel Garcés ◽  
Andreu Vinyoles ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Source To Sink

<p>During middle Eocene, the Escanilla fluvial system transported and deposited material from East to West in the southern Pyrenees foreland basin. The paleogeography and sedimentology of the source to sink system is well established. The temporal framework is made of scattered low resolution magnetostratigraphies, and a robust temporal framework in the most distal (Olson) and most proximal (Sis) parts of the system. We built a new high resolution magnetostratigraphy from the middle part of the system, the Lascuarre section. The correlation of Lascuarre with the high resolution magnetostratigraphies and the integration of these data with other available chronological constraints results into a robust complete temporal framework from source to sink.</p><p>Sedimentological analyses of the Lascuarre section allow recognizing a set of sedimentary sequences throughout the record. Here we present the result of the analyses, and discuss the relative weight of the different forcing. Particularly, we elucidate the role of tectonics in relation to subsidence distribution patterns, and also the distinct expression of climate. Eventually, we identify and explore the signal propagation mechanisms of climate aberrations and of quasi-regular orbital variations along the routing system.</p>

scholarly journals The T cell CD6 receptor operates a multitask signalosome with opposite functions in T cell activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Mori ◽  
Claude Grégoire ◽  
Guillaume Voisinne ◽  
Javier Celis-Gutierrez ◽  
Rudy Aussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Respective Contribution

To determine the respective contribution of the LAT transmembrane adaptor and CD5 and CD6 transmembrane receptors to early TCR signal propagation, diversification, and termination, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9–based platform that uses primary mouse T cells and permits establishment of the composition of their LAT, CD5, and CD6 signalosomes in only 4 mo using quantitative mass spectrometry. We confirmed that positive and negative functions can be solely assigned to the LAT and CD5 signalosomes, respectively. In contrast, the TCR-inducible CD6 signalosome comprised both positive (SLP-76, ZAP70, VAV1) and negative (UBASH3A/STS-2) regulators of T cell activation. Moreover, CD6 associated independently of TCR engagement to proteins that support its implication in inflammatory pathologies necessitating T cell transendothelial migration. The multifaceted role of CD6 unveiled here accounts for past difficulties in classifying it as a coinhibitor or costimulator. Congruent with our identification of UBASH3A within the CD6 signalosome and the view that CD6 constitutes a promising target for autoimmune disease treatment, single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human autoimmune diseases have been found in the Cd6 and Ubash3a genes.

scholarly journals The role of speech‐specific signal characteristics in vowel normalization.

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 2436-2436
Author(s):  
Matthias J. Sjerps ◽  
James M. McQueen ◽  
Holger Mitterer
Keyword(s):  
Specific Signal ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Vowel Normalization
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