scholarly journals Overlap between general factors of psychopathology and personality: They share associations with daily life functioning and communication style

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Peter Prinzie ◽  
Misa Yamanaka-Altenstein ◽  
Agnes von Wyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Life Functioning ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that specific personality dimensions, -e.g., the Big Five-, consistently intercorrelate, such that they form a general factor of personality (GFP). It has been hypothesized that the GFP reflects social effectiveness. Similarly, in the clinical domain, overlap between various psychopathological symptoms has also been reported, leading to a general factor of Psychopathology, or p factor. The aim of this study was to test the overlap between the higher-order factors in personality and psychopathology, and how they relate to daily life functioning and communication style. We tested a sample of 165 outpatients of a psychological therapy institute, using a multi-source approach that included self-reports and other ratings. The outpatients’ self-reports of personality, general psychological problems, and interpersonal problems were available. Psychotherapists rated the outpatients’ functioning in daily life with the well-known Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. A spouse or friend also rated the impact of the patient’s communication/social behavior. Patients with lower GFP scores and higher scores on general psychopathology, displayed more distress and daily functioning deficits (i.e., lower GAF scores) and, in terms of communication styles, were also rated as being less dominant, less in control socially, and more submissive and aggressive. We proposed that part of the overlap between the general factors (GFP, psychopathology factors) may relate to a lower general life functioning and less social effectiveness.

The impact of communication style on psychological comfort and trust in audit services

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-661
Author(s):  
Naruanard Sarapaivanich ◽  
Jomjai Sampet ◽  
Paul G. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Chief Financial Officers ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the extent to which clients’ perceptions of a financial auditor’s communication style affect their psychological comfort and trust when considering whether to retain the incumbent firm for future financial audits. Design/methodology/approach A multistage method was used comprising integrated results from a literature review and findings from five in-depth interviews with chief financial officers of listed firms. A cross-sectional survey then yielded valid responses from 190 incorporated firms listed on The Stock Exchange of Thailand or Market for Alternative Investment. Findings The results reveal that, consistent with social interaction theory, an affiliation communication style positively influenced client’s psychological comfort and trust in an auditor. On the other hand, a dominant communications style negatively impacted psychological comfort. Cognitive social capital was found to moderate the links between dominant communication–psychological comfort, psychological comfort–trust and trust–relationship commitment. Practical implications From a managerial perspective, an affiliation communication style is fundamental for building client comfort and trust, especially for professional service firms, but especially in Eastern collectivist cultures that are relationship rich, where people seek to avoid conflict and prefer indirect communication styles over more direct styles. Originality/value This research highlights the central role that interpersonal communication style plays in developing psychological comfort and trust with a professional service firm. In addition, this study introduces the role of client psychological comfort as a key mediator between communications and trust.

scholarly journals How Universal Is the General Factor of Personality? An Analysis of the Big Five in Forager Farmers of the Bolivian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Aurelio Jose Figueredo ◽  
Michael Gurven ◽  
Christopher von Rueden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Bolivian Amazon ◽  
Interviewer Ratings ◽  
Personality Models

In various personality models, such as the Big Five, a consistent higher order general factor of personality (GFP) can be identified. One view in the literature is that the GFP reflects general social effectiveness. Most GFP studies, however, have been conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, and rich democracies (WEIRD). Therefore, to address the question of the universality of the GFP, we test whether the GFP can also be identified in a preliterate indigenous sample of Tsimane by using self-reports, spouse reports, and interviewer ratings. In the Tsimane, a viable GFP could be identified and the intercorrelations between personality traits were significantly stronger than in samples from industrial countries. The GFP correlated with the ratings of social engagement. In addition, self and spouse ratings of the GFP overlapped. Overall, the findings are in line with the notion that the GFP is a human universal and a substantive personality factor reflecting social effectiveness.

scholarly journals The General Factor of Personality (GFP) and Vocational Interests: a Test of Social Effectiveness at the Behavioral and Genetic Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Eveline J. De Zeeuw ◽  
Peiqian Wu ◽  
Dirk H. M. Pelt
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Professional Worker ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
National Merit Twin Study

AbstractPrevious studies have examined how personality models (e.g., Big Five, HEXACO) relate to vocational interests. We adopt a novel approach by testing the associations between personality and vocational interests from the perspective of the general factor of personality (GFP). One interpretation of the GFP is that it reflects social effectiveness. Based on this interpretation, we predicted that the GFP is particularly related to interest in social jobs because people generally tend to be attracted to activities in which they perform well. To test this, we used four large data sets: the Professional Worker Career Experience Survey (study 1a; N = 752), OpenPsychometrics.org (study 1b, N = 108,209), Project Talent (study 2; N = 81,130), and the National Merit Twin Study (study 3: N = 1536 in 768 twin pairs). In each sample, we presented the direct associations as well as the results after using control variables (gender and cognitive ability). In study 1a and 1b, the GFP particularly related to interest in social and enterprising occupations. In study 2, the GFP related to interest in working with people and was also associated with a range of occupational scales involving social aspects. In study 3, the GFP only showed a consistent relation with social interests. This association was present at the phenotypical as well as genetic level. Notwithstanding some variation in findings across the different studies, the overall pattern seems to be in line with the notion that the GFP is positively associated with the preference for more socially laden jobs.

scholarly journals Female Discrimination in the Workplace: Skilled Communicators But Undermined Leaders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Yue ◽  
Christine King
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Gender Communication ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women In Executive Positions

This literature review examines several studies related to differences in gender communication, gender perception, and the impact of workplace discrimination. Experimental studies on gender have revealed that women’s communication style is seen as genteel and empathetic while men’s communication styles are viewed as noisy and aggressive. And yet, people view leadership qualities as inherently more masculine than feminine. These differences are also reflected in leadership styles between men and women. The question remains if women display capable communication skills and leadership, why do discriminatory practices pervade in the workplace? Through a qualitative analysis of each paper, we draw the relationship between gender perceptions and workplace discrimination, including the lack of women in executive positions. A comparison between review articles helped to illustrate the differences in approach and similarity in results of pair of studies. Social theories presented in articles help to explain social phenomenons that undermine women. Concepts such as counter-stereotypical characteristics of women are discussed and the need for institutional policy enforcements is emphasized.  

scholarly journals Is there a Meaningful General Factor of Personality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Peiqian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Big Five ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Numerous studies and meta-analyses have now confirmed that personality traits tend to correlate such that a general factor of personality (GFP) emerges. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate about what these correlations, and therefore the GFP, represents. One interpretation is that the GFP reflects a substantive factor that indicates general social effectiveness or emotional intelligence. Another interpretation is that the GFP merely is an artifact based on measurement or response bias. In the present paper, we elaborate on a selection of topics that are central to the debate about this construct. Specifically, we discuss (a) the GFP in relation to more specific personality dimensions (e.g., Big Five, facets), (b) the validity of the GFP and under what circumstances it seems to ‘disappear’, and (c) the theoretical and practical relevance of the general factor. Overall, the review should provide insight into the nature of the GFP and whether or not it represents a meaningful factor that can contribute to a better understanding of personality.

scholarly journals Emoticons are not for everyone: The role of congruence between hotel brand positioning strategies and communication style in enhancing customers’ brand attitude and booking intention

2021 ◽  
pp. 146735842199390
Author(s):  
Sabrina M Hegner ◽  
Carlotta Lotze ◽  
Ardion Daroca Beldad
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Booking Intentions ◽  
Social Media Communication ◽  
The Impact

Social media has become an influential communication channel, and brands are increasingly using an informal style in their social media communication. Nonetheless, despite this development, little research has addressed the influence of social media communication style on brand perceptions. Hence, this study addresses the question on how the interaction of employing different communication styles and different hotel positioning strategies affects consumers’ perceptions and booking intentions in the hotel industry. Additionally, this study explores whether the fit between communication style and hotel positioning mediates the relationship on brand attitude and booking intention. A 2x2 between-subjects full-factorial design with 336 participants was conducted. Results of the experiment show that an informal communication style can be harmful for a utilitarian positioned hotel. A perception of fit between brand positioning and communication style leads to a more favorable brand attitude and higher booking intention. Despite the tendency for brands to increasingly use an informal style in their social media communication, only little research has analyzed the impact of communication style on consumer perceptions. Furthermore, considering a hotel’s positioning represents an important moderator in this relationship.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Autonomy on Promotional Health Messages Encouraging Healthcare Professionals’ to get the Influenza Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karis Moon ◽  
Anine Heyerdahl Riege ◽  
Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe ◽  
Gaëlle Vallée-Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Rates of flu vaccination among healthcare professionals often remain lower than recommended guidelines. We tested whether autonomy-supportive communication styles could improve the effectiveness of statements seeking to promote professionals’ flu vaccination uptake. A pilot study established that statements presented in an autonomy-supportive communication style (i.e., upholding freedom of choice) posed a significantly lower threat to freedom compared to equivalent statements presented in a controlling communication style (i.e., thwarting choice by implying obligation). The main experiment examined the impact of these two communication styles on healthcare professionals’ behavioural intentions to vaccinate against the flu. Results replicated the dampening effect of autonomy-supportive communication style on perceived threat to freedom. Crucially, only autonomy-supportive communication styles led to a significant increase of behavioural intentions to vaccinate. Furthermore, this effect was moderated by motivational regulations (measured by the TSRQ-flu scale): it was strongest for those who tended to see flu vaccination as unimportant and unconnected with their internal values (low autonomous regulation), those who tended not to see vaccination as an act that would give them pride or reduce guilt (low introjection) or who tended to be unwilling to act to get vaccinated (high amotivation). Implications for future policy or institution-led communication campaigns are discussed.

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