Examining Base Rates of Symptom Endorsement and the Roles of Sex and Depressive Symptoms on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomology (SIMS) in a Non-clinical Population

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqsa Zahid ◽  
Sonya Dhillon ◽  
Konstantine K. Zakzanis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Base Rates

scholarly journals Self-Schemas and Self-Esteem Discrepancies in Subclinical Paranoia: The Essential Role of Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Monsonet ◽  
Sergi Ballespí ◽  
Tamara Sheinbaum ◽  
Carmen Valiente ◽  
Regina Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Background : Self-concepts are being intensively investigated in relation to paranoia, but research has shown some contradictory findings. Studying subclinical phenomena in a non-clinical population should allow for a clearer understanding given that clinical confounding factors are avoided. We explored self-esteem, self-schemas, and implicit/explicit self-esteem discrepancies in three non-clinical groups with different psychopathological traits and a control group.Methods: Participants with elevated trait-paranoia (n = 41), depressive symptoms (n = 34), a combination of both traits (n = 32), and a control group (n = 71) were assessed on implicit and explicit self-esteem, self-schemas, depression, and paranoia. A dimensional approach with the total sample (n = 208) was also used to complement the information provided by the group approach.Results: All groups presented similar and positive levels of implicit self-esteem. Trait-paranoia participants had similar levels of explicit self-esteem and self-schemas compared with the control group. However, the group with a combination of trait-paranoia and depressive symptoms showed the lowest levels of positive self-schemas and self-esteem. Furthermore, this group and the control group displayed implicit/explicit self-esteem discrepancies, although in opposite directions and with different implications. The dimensional approach revealed associations of trait-paranoia and depressive symptoms with poor explicit self-esteem and self-schemas but not with implicit self-esteem.Conclusions: Trait-paranoia participants showed different self-representations depending on whether depressive symptoms were present or not. The interaction between subclinical neurotic and psychotic traits entailed a detrimental self-representation that might increase the risk for psychopathology.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
Izolde Bouloukaki ◽  
Michail Fanaridis ◽  
Georgios Stathakis ◽  
Christina Ermidou ◽  
Eleftherios Kallergis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
And Gender

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related symptoms on prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a large clinical population of patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 2127 patients (mean age 55 years, 24% women) underwent diagnostic polysomnography and were evaluated using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We investigated the predictive value of OSA-associated symptoms for prevalent cardiovascular disease, after adjustment for relevant confounding factors including age, obesity, and co-morbidities. Results: Patients with OSA and CVD were older and had a higher Body Mass Index (BMI); the percentage of obese patients was also higher (83% vs. 70%, p < 0001). They also had greater neck, waist, and hip circumferences and a higher waist-to-hip ratio. Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥ 10) [odds ratio (95% CI) 1.112 (0.708–1.748), p = 0.64], insomnia symptoms (AIS ≥ 6) [odds ratio (95% CI) 0.748 (0.473–1.184), p = 0.21], frequent awakenings [odds ratio (95% CI) 1.599 (1.019–2.508), p = 0.06], and nocturia [odds ratio (95% CI) 1.359 (0.919–2.009), p = 0.124] were not associated with CVD after adjustment for the previous confounders. On the other hand, depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 10) independently predicted prevalent CVD [odds ratio (95% CI) 1.476 (1.154–1.887), p = 0.002]. Further analysis in subgroups stratified by age, BMI, and gender demonstrated that depressive symptoms predicted prevalent CVD but only in the subgroup of younger (age group < 60 years), obese (BMI group ≥ 30), and male (OR = 1.959, 95% CI = 1.209–3.175, p = 0.006) OSA patients. Conclusions: OSA patients with CVD were more likely to complain of less typical OSA symptoms and depressive symptoms compared to patients without CVD in this large clinical patient cohort, supportingthecomplexity and heterogeneityof OSA.

scholarly journals Efectos de la fatiga anticipatoria y la sintomatología emocional en la percepción de fatiga física y cognitiva

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Sandra Fuentes-Márquez ◽  
Cristina Senín-Calderón ◽  
Juan F. Rodríguez-Testal ◽  
Miguel A. Carrasco-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Partial Effects

<p><em>Objectives: </em>To analyze the effects of anticipatory fatigue and emotional symptomatology on the physical and cognitive perception of fatigue.<em> </em>The conditional and partial effects of independent variables were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analyses in an ex- post-fact and correlational method.<em> </em>Sample was composed of 317 participants (29% come from clinical population). Anticipatory fatigue, and perception of fatigue (by the Chalder et al.´s Fatigue Scale) were measured. Emotional symptoms were assessed by Goldberg´s questionnaire, GHQ-28.<em> </em>Anticipatory fatigue and emotional symptoms (mainly depressive symptoms) had significant effects on the cognitive and physical fatigue. The anticipatory fatigue moderated the effects between group (clinical versus general) and cognitive fatigue.<em> </em>Emotional symptoms (mainly depressive symptoms) and anticipatory fatigue made an important contribution to the cognitive and physical fatigue. However, the contribution of the anticipatory fatigue was no longer significant when the emotional symptoms were considered. It suggests the mediational role of the symptoms between anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue.</p>

scholarly journals Base Rates of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: An Individual Symptom Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0156167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kohlmann ◽  
Benjamin Gierk ◽  
Alexandra M. Murray ◽  
Arne Scholl ◽  
Marco Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Base Rates

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Correlates With Depressive Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Emma Brandt ◽  
J. Kevin Wilson ◽  
Rebecca E. Rieger ◽  
Darbi Gill ◽  
Andrew R. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract. Depression is a pervasive psychiatric problem following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the onset and course of symptom expression following mTBI can differ from that of spontaneous episodes of depression. Here, we aimed to assess a physiological metric closely linked to depression: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of high frequency heart rate variability. RSA is reduced during depressive episodes, and higher resting RSA has been shown to predict future recovery from depression. In this study, we investigated if these patterns were observed throughout the typical timeframe of sub-acute mTBI recovery. Although RSA did not differ between mTBI ( n = 50) and control ( n = 27) groups, depressive symptoms were reliably correlated with RSA only in the mTBI group. This pattern was consistent 2 weeks, 2 months, and 4 months post-injury. Furthermore, resting RSA shortly following injury predicted the trajectory of depressive symptoms 2 months later. These findings generalize the connection between RSA and depression to a clinical population where depressive symptoms are common but often difficult to parse from other post-trauma consequences.

scholarly journals Alexithymia traits outweigh autism traits in the explanation of depression in adults with autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Bloch ◽  
Lana Burghof ◽  
Fritz-Georg Lehnhardt ◽  
Kai Vogeley ◽  
Christine Falter-Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Autism Traits ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhen contemplating the alarming depression rates in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a need to find factors explaining heightened symptoms of depression. Beyond the impact of autism traits, markedly increased levels of alexithymia traits should be considered as a candidate for explaining why individuals with ASD report higher levels of depressive symptoms. Here, we aim to identify the extent to which autism or alexithymia traits indicate depressive symptoms in ASD and whether the pattern of association are specific to ASD. Data of a large (N = 400) representative clinical population of adults referred to autism diagnostics have been investigated and split by cases with a confirmed ASD diagnosis (N = 281) and cases with a ruled out ASD diagnosis (N = 119). Dominance analysis revealed the alexithymia factor, difficulties in identifying feelings, as the strongest predictor for depressive symptomatology in ASD, outweighing autism traits and other alexithymia factors. This pattern of prediction was not specific to ASD and was shared by clinical controls from the referral population with a ruled out ASD diagnosis. Thus, the association of alexithymia traits with depression is not unique to ASD and may constitute a general psychopathological mechanism in clinical samples.

Changes in rates of depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: life-table analysis from a 4-year follow-up study

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kawakami ◽  
R. E. Roberts ◽  
E. S. Lee ◽  
S. Araki
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Married Female

SynopsisTo investigate the effects of demographic variables on changes in rates of depressive symptoms in a non-clinical population, a 4-year follow-up study was conducted on a total of 6378 employees of a Japanese electrical company. Data were collected five times at 1-year intervals (T0—T4) using a questionnaire that included the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Of the non-depressed (i.e. having a SDS score of 47 or less) at baseline (N = 4857), 14% were found depressed at least once during T1—T4. Younger, never married, female and blue-collar workers were significantly at greater risk for becoming depressed during the follow-up period (P < 0·05). Of the depressed at baseline (N = 505), 20% were depressed every time during T1—T4. Younger workers were significantly at greater risk for persistence of depressive symptoms during the follow-up period (P < 0·05). The results suggested that age is associated with both occurrence and persistence of depressive symptoms, while gender, marital status and occupation are associated only with the occurrence.

scholarly journals Screening of Depressive Symptoms in a Russian General Population Sample: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Andrey Alexandrovich Kibitov ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Rakitko ◽  
Evgeniy Dmitirevich Kasyanov ◽  
Grigoriy Viktorovich Rukavishnikov ◽  
Kira Alexandrovna Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Male Sex

Background and Objective: Web-based screening of depressive symptoms in general non-clinical population can provide better insights into actual prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated risk factors. To study the current prevalence of depressive symptoms in Russian non-clinical population we conducted screening using an online survey based on Depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Methods: The online survey covered 2610 Russian-speaking respondents and included HADS-D, questions about sex, age and presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) diagnoses or symptoms in respondents. Results: The proportion of respondents with depressive symptoms, estimated by online HADS-D, was 14.4% (11.5% - at subclinical level, 2.9% - at clinical level). The overall HADS-D score was higher in women (p=0.003), in young individuals under 30 y.o vs. participants over 42 y.o. (p=0.004) and in individuals with self-reported CVD symptoms (p=0.00002). Linear regression analysis showed that self-reported CVD symptoms increase HADS-D score (p<0.001), but male sex (p=0.002) and older age (p<0.001) decrease it. Logistic regression showed that CVD symptoms increase the risk of depressive symptoms by HADS-D (p=0.033, OR=1.29), but older age (p=0.015, OR=0.87) and male sex (as a trend, p=0.052, OR=0.80) decrease this risk. Conclusion: Online survey based on HADS-D showed new patterns of depressive symptoms prevalence in Russian non-clinical population. Depressive symptoms prevalence did not differ between men and women and was higher among young people. The reported association between depressive symptoms and CVD was confirmed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document