Phosphorus Management Strategies for Potato Production in Florida: a Review

Abstract Background Potato represents Egypt’s largest vegetable export crop. Many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are globally inflicting damage to potato plants. In Egypt, their economic significance considerably varies according to PPN distribution, population levels, and pathogenicity. Main body This review article highlights the biology, ecology, and economic value of the PPN control viewpoint. The integration of biological control agents (BCAs), as sound and safe potato production practice, with other phytosanitary measures to manage PPNs is presented for sustainable agriculture. A few cases of BCA integration with such other options as synergistic/additive PPN management measures to upgrade crop yields are reviewed. Yet, various attributes of BCAs should better be grasped so that they can fit in at the emerging and/or existing integrated management strategies of potato pests. Conclusion A few inexpensive biocontrol products, for PPNs control on potato, versus their corresponding costly chemical nematicides are gathered and listed for consideration. Hence, raising awareness of farmers for making these biologicals familiar and easy to use will promote their wider application while offering safe and increased potato yield.

Download Full-text

Distribution of potato viruses in Uganda

African Crop Science Journal ◽

10.4314/acsj.v29i1.6 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 77-99

Author(s):

A.A. Byarugaba ◽

S.B. Mukasa ◽

A. Barekye ◽

P.R. Rubaihayo

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Potato Production ◽

Risk Area ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Potato Viruses ◽

Seed Sources ◽

High Virus

Viral diseases are among the major factors affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Uganda. Knowledge of the types of viruses and their distribution levels in the country is vital for targeting sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of potato viruses in different potato growing areas in Uganda. Virus diagnostic surveys were conducted across the main potato producing regions and virus detection was done using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR techniques. The study showed that the most widely distributed and economically important potato viruses were: PVS (31-90.9%), PLRV (2.6-81.3%), PVY (7.1-54.5%) and PVX (8.3 -53.3%); while the least detected viruses were PVM (18.2%) and PVA (9%). The viruses were prevalent either singly or in mixtures. Up to 42.8% of the samples were infected with one virus, 20.9% with two viruses and 4.2% with three viruses; while no virus was detected in 31.3% of the samples. Of the double infections, the PVY+PVS combination was the most common and widely distributed (2.1-18.2%) in 12 districts; followed by PVY+PLRV (1.8-21.3%) occurring in six districts, PVM+PVS (7.9-16.7%), PLRV+PVX (2.4-14.3%) in 5 districts and PVY+PVX (2.4-4.4%) in 3 districts. Triple infections involving PVY+PLRV+PVS were recorded at prevalence levels of 2.2-18.6% in six district. Altitude, temperature, varieties and seed sources showed relationships with the variation in the prevalence of the viruses. There were high virus prevalence and disease severity levels in low altitude areas (1088-1334 m.a.s.l) of mid-western sub-region (Mbarara and Lwengo), Central (Kibaale, Mubende) and Mid Northern (Pader) sub region compared to high altitude areas (>1600 m.a.s.l). The Virus risk Area Modeling results showed the largest area (48.6%; 1,308,160 ha) at moderate risk of virus infection; while 27.3% (732,305 ha) was at high risk of virus infection. Based on the distribution level of the viruses, potato production could be intensified in areas with less virus pressure mainly, in parts of West Nile and Rwenzori regions.

Download Full-text

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Potato-Associated Alternaria Species in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-19-2290-re ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 149-155

Author(s):

Shunping Ding ◽

Kiana Meinholz ◽

Amanda J. Gevens

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Early Blight ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Alternaria Solani ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Potato Production ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Alternaria Species ◽

Production Area ◽

Common Potato

Potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani and potato brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata are two common potato foliar diseases. Fungicide applications in Wisconsin target early blight with the expectation of managing brown spot simultaneously. However, distributions of the two pathogens over time and space have not been previously reported in Wisconsin. In this study, six potato fields in Wisconsin were systematically sampled during 2014 to 2017 to investigate the incidences of both pathogens; incidences of the pathogens were compared by location, timing, and year. Incidence of A. alternata had been recorded starting in late June in every field every year, whereas incidence of A. solani started later in some of the fields. At the end of each growing season throughout the four years, the highest incidence (100% most of the years) of A. solani was observed in a field in Plover, located in a concentrated potato production area of central Wisconsin, and a field in Arena, located in an isolated potato production area in southern Wisconsin. The highest incidence (100% every year) of A. alternata was observed in a field in Madison, an isolated potato field that was managed organically. Such distribution patterns could be a result of the different host ranges of the pathogens and abundance of inoculum in different geographic locations. In 2016, disease severity was correlated with the incidence of both pathogens (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0299), but in 2017, disease severity was correlated with the incidence of A. solani in most of the fields (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0799). These findings suggest that both Alternaria spp. are important for considering disease management strategies in central and southern Wisconsin.

Download Full-text

A review on yield response to nitrogen, potassium and manure applications in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science ◽

10.26832/24566632.2021.0601011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

Hillary M.O. Otieno ◽

Edna K. Mageto

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Potato Production ◽

Yield Response ◽

Future Research ◽

Available Information

Potato productivity has stagnated and remained low due to, among other causes, increasing soil infertility and poor nutrient management strategies. To avert this situation, it is essential to have a better understanding of potato response to nitrogen and potassium nutrients. Like other crops, potatoes require an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients for better growth and tuber yields. To achieve that, it is essential to conduct an extensive soil analyses for the entire farm. However, this process is expensive for most resource-constrained farmers. Moreover, the current recommendations used in the region are generic and focuses more on nitrogen than potassium. Hence, there is a need to focus on readily and freely available information for enhanced decision making. The assumption that the soils in the region are fertile and can supply adequate potassium is no longer valid, and now necessitates more actions such as adopting integrated soil fertility and precise application of nutrients within the 4R principles. All these aspects are well covered in this article. We believe the information presented in this manuscript is valuable and give a better foundation for future research and recommendations in potato production.

Download Full-text

Aspects of Pathogen Genomics, Diversity, Epidemiology, Vector Dynamics, and Disease Management for a Newly Emerged Disease of Potato: Zebra Chip

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-09-12-0238-rvw ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 524-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Hong Lin ◽

Neil C. Gudmestad

Keyword(s):

Host Resistance ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Potato Production ◽

The United States ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Zebra Chip ◽

Commercial Potato ◽

Metabolic Capability ◽

Candidatus Liberibacter

An overview is provided for the aspects of history, biology, genomics, genetics, and epidemiology of zebra chip (ZC), a destructive disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum) that represents a major threat to the potato industries in the United States as well as other potato-production regions in the world. The disease is associated with a gram-negative, phloem-limited, insect-vectored, unculturable prokaryote, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, that belongs to the Rhizobiaceae family of α-Proteobacteria. The closest cultivated relatives of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ are members of the group of bacteria known as the α-2 subgroup. In spite of the fact that Koch's postulates sensu stricto have not been fulfilled, a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the ZC disease complex since discovery of the disease. Nevertheless, more research is needed to better understand vector biology, disease mechanisms, host response, and epidemiology in the context of vector–pathogen–plant interactions. Current ZC management strategies focus primarily on psyllid control. The ultimate control of ZC likely relies on host resistance. Unfortunately, all commercial potato cultivars are susceptible to ZC. Elucidation of the ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ genome sequence has provided insights into the genetic basis of virulence and physiological and metabolic capability of this organism. Finally, the most effective, sustainable management of ZC is likely to be based on integrated strategies, including removal or reduction of vectors or inocula, improvement of host resistance to the presumptive pathogen and psyllid vectors, and novel gene-based therapeutic treatment.

Download Full-text

Population Biology and Genetic Variation ofSpongospora subterraneaf. sp.subterranea, the Causal Pathogen of Powdery Scab and Root Galls on Potatoes in South Africa

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-12-18-0467-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (11) ◽

pp. 1957-1965 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norman Muzhinji ◽

Jacquie E. van der Waals

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Biology ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Random Mating ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Potato Production ◽

Powdery Scab ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity

Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, causal agent of powdery scab and root galls of potatoes, occurs worldwide and is responsible for quality and yield losses in potato production in South Africa. Despite being one of the most important potato pathogens in South Africa, little information is available on the genetic structure and diversity of S. subterranea f. sp. subterranea, which could provide insight into the factors shaping its evolution and the role of inoculum sources in disease development. A total of 172 samples were collected from four potato growing regions in South Africa. An additional 27 samples obtained from Colombia were included for comparative purposes. The samples were screened against six informative microsatellite (simple-sequence repeat) markers. Of the 172 samples obtained from potato growing regions in South Africa, there were 75 multilocus genotypes (MLGs), only 16 of which were shared between potato growing regions, indicating substantial gene flow and countrywide dispersal of the pathogen. The presence of common MLGs among the root- and tuber-derived samples indicated a lack of specialization of S. subterranea f. sp. subterranea to either tuber or root infection. Nei’s unbiased estimates of gene diversity for the clone-corrected data were low and ranged from 0.24 to 0.38. Analysis of molecular variance and discriminant analysis of principal components showed no population differentiation between different potato growing regions in South Africa and between root- and tuber-derived genotypes. The presence of MLGs, high considerable genotypic diversity, and failure to reject the null hypothesis of random mating in most populations are indicative of some kind of recombination, either sexual or asexual, in these S. subterranea f. sp. subterranea populations. Information from this study provides new insights into the genetic structure and diversity of S. subterranea f. sp. subterranea in South Africa. Continuous monitoring of the pathogen population dynamics will be helpful in implementing effective region-specific management strategies for the pathogen, especially in the development of resistant potato cultivars.

Download Full-text

PROLONGED DORMANCY IN A PACIFIC NORTHWEST POPULATION OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent122175-1 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 175-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

K.D. Biever ◽

R.L. Chauvin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Colorado Potato Beetle ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Potato Production ◽

The United States ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Potato Beetle ◽

Prolonged Diapause

The Colorado potato beetle is a major worldwide pest of potato and several other solanaceous plants. Insecticidal resistance is a serious problem in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States and a developing problem in other potato production areas of the United States and Canada (Forgash 1985; Johnson and Sandvol 1986; Boiteau et al. 1987). In the northwestern United States, insecticides applied to control the green peach aphid also control Colorado potato beetle, but these insecticides are likely to become ineffective due to the development of resistance or unavailable because of restricted use and environmental concerns. Biologically based management strategies are needed to reduce dependency on insecticides; these strategies require new basic knowledge including understanding prolonged diapause in populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Krysan et al. (1986) established that the occurrence of prolonged or repeated diapause can influence management strategies for insects, especially with respect to crop rotation.

Download Full-text

Geography-Driven Evolution of Potato Virus A Revealed by Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Complete Genome

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.738646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Xuhong Sun ◽

Xuyan Wei ◽

Yanling Gao ◽

Jiling Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potato Virus ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Purifying Selection ◽

Potato Production ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Potato Virus A ◽

Evolutionary Forces ◽

Geographical Populations ◽

Production Knowledge ◽

Significant Positive Selection

Potato virus A (PVA), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is an important potato pathogen that causes 30%–40% yield reduction to global potato production. Knowledge on the genetic structure and the evolutionary forces shaping the structure of this pathogen is limited but vital in developing effective management strategies. In this study, we investigated the population structure and molecular evolution of PVA by analyzing novel complete genomic sequences from Chinese isolates combined with available sequences from Europe, South America, Oceania, and North America. High nucleotide diversity was discovered among the populations studied. Pairwise FST values between geographical populations of PVA ranged from 0.22 to 0.46, indicating a significant spatial structure for this pathogen. Although purifying selection was detected at the majority of polymorphic sites, significant positive selection was identified in the P1, NIa, and NIb proteins, pointing to adaptive evolution of PVA. Further phylogeny–trait association analysis showed that the clustering of PVA isolates was significantly correlated with geographic regions, suggesting that geography-driven adaptation may be an important determinant of PVA diversification.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Fertilization Guidelines for Potato Production in Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs1429-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Zotarelli ◽

Tara Wade ◽

Gary England ◽

Christian Christensen

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Management Practices ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Potato Production ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Losses ◽

Economic Return ◽

Best Management

This new 11-page publication focuses on the nitrogen (N) fertilizer best management practices (BMP) for potato crop in Florida. The aim is to provide management strategies that comply with statewide BMP guidelines to maximize yield and economic return while minimizing N losses to the environment. Written by Lincoln Zotarelli, Tara Wade, Gary K. England, and Christian T. Christensen and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1429

Download Full-text

Potato Zebra Chip: An Overview of the Disease, Control Strategies, and Prospects

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.700663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Mora ◽

Manikandan Ramasamy ◽

Mona B. Damaj ◽

Sonia Irigoyen ◽

Veronica Ancona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Potato Production ◽

Bactericera Cockerelli ◽

Zebra Chip ◽

Current Management ◽

Disease Epidemiology ◽

Management Measures

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop worldwide. As the demand for fresh and processed potato products is increasing globally, there is a need to manage and control devastating diseases such as zebra chip (ZC). ZC disease causes major yield losses in many potato-growing regions and is associated with the fastidious, phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) that is vectored by the potato-tomato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc). Current management measures for ZC disease mainly focus on chemical control and integrated pest management strategies of the psyllid vector to limit the spread of CLso, however, they add to the costs of potato production. Identification and deployment of CLso and/or the psyllid resistant cultivars, in combination with integrated pest management, may provide a sustainable long-term strategy to control ZC. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the ZC disease, epidemiology, current management strategies, and potential new approaches to manage ZC disease in the future.

Download Full-text