Paleoethnobotany of the Early Initial Period of Gramalote in Northern Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Prieto

Chapter 8 draws lessons about Peruvian maritime adaptations from the early Initial Period site of Pampa Gramalote (1500–1200 cal B.C./3450–1350 cal BP) in the Moche valley in northern Peru. Fishermen at Gramalote also cultivated plants important for their fishing, such as cotton, reeds, and gourds, and some of the plants they consumed. Other plant foods were acquired through exchange with valley farmers. Thus, the inhabitants of Gramalote practiced a mixed economy that allowed them to practice symmetrical exchange with the farmers.


Author(s):  
Richard C. Sutter ◽  
Gabriel Prieto

Chapter 9 discusses ethnogenesis on the north coast of Peru from the perspective of bioarchaeology at the Initial Period site of Pampa Gramalote (1500–1200 cal B.C./3450–1350 cal BP) in the Moche valley in northern Peru. The authors examine the genetic relationship between fishing and contemporary, nearby populations using dental traits. They conclude that Gramalote contrasts sharply with preceding maritime populations of the Peruvian Preceramic Period and exchanged mates with farming populations in the adjacent valley. Ethnic identity here is not coterminous with genetics but rather a result of shared economic activities.


Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.


2020 ◽  
Vol Special issue (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Khojiev ◽  
◽  
Rustam Murodov

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Ilyas Shakirov ◽  

In the article considered events between 1945-1965 years in Singapore. On the ground of historical sources author of the given article learned the history of gaining independence by Singapore, as well, difficulties country carried out over 20 years


2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Pino ◽  
Nelson Cieza Padilla

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2391-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kašpar ◽  
Jiří Trekoval

The polymerization kinetics of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in benzene with butyllithium as the initiator was investigated by the gas chromatographic method. After completion of the initial period of the reaction, its order with respect to the initial concentration of initiator is negative at the concentrations of the latter between 0.01 and 0.25 mol/l, and positive at higher concentrations. A reaction scheme has been suggested with respect to the "cross" association of butyllithium and of the "living" oligoisoprene.


2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Slotwinski ◽  
Alois Stutzer ◽  
Roman Uhlig

Abstract In the face of recent refugee migration, early integration of asylum seekers into the labor market has been proposed as an important mechanism for easing their economic and social lot in the short as well as in the long term. However, little is known about the policies that foster or hamper their participation in the labor market, in particular during the important initial period of their stay in the host country. In order to evaluate whether inclusive labor market policies increase the labor market participation of asylum seekers, we exploit the variation in asylum policies in Swiss cantons to which asylum seekers are as good as randomly allocated. During our study period from 2011 to 2014, the employment rate among asylum seekers varied between 0 and 30.2% across cantons. Our results indicate that labor market access regulations are responsible for a substantial proportion of these differences, in which an inclusive regime increases participation by 11 percentage points. The marginal effects are larger for asylum seekers who speak a language that is linguistically close to the one in their host canton. Summary Inclusive labor market access regulations substantially increase the employment chances of asylum seekers, in particular if the language distance is short.


2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 105912
Author(s):  
Farhana Safa ◽  
Afifa Anjum ◽  
Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Tonima Islam Trisa ◽  
Syeda Fatema Alam ◽  
...  

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