scholarly journals Are asylum seekers more likely to work with more inclusive labor market access regulations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Slotwinski ◽  
Alois Stutzer ◽  
Roman Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The One

Abstract In the face of recent refugee migration, early integration of asylum seekers into the labor market has been proposed as an important mechanism for easing their economic and social lot in the short as well as in the long term. However, little is known about the policies that foster or hamper their participation in the labor market, in particular during the important initial period of their stay in the host country. In order to evaluate whether inclusive labor market policies increase the labor market participation of asylum seekers, we exploit the variation in asylum policies in Swiss cantons to which asylum seekers are as good as randomly allocated. During our study period from 2011 to 2014, the employment rate among asylum seekers varied between 0 and 30.2% across cantons. Our results indicate that labor market access regulations are responsible for a substantial proportion of these differences, in which an inclusive regime increases participation by 11 percentage points. The marginal effects are larger for asylum seekers who speak a language that is linguistically close to the one in their host canton. Summary Inclusive labor market access regulations substantially increase the employment chances of asylum seekers, in particular if the language distance is short.

scholarly journals Double Jeopardy: How Refugees Fare in One European Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Lens ◽  
Ive Marx ◽  
Sunčica Vujić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
First Job ◽  
Work Histories ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

AbstractThis paper examines the labor market trajectories of refugees who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2009. Belgium offers a relatively easy formal labor market access to refugees and other types of migrants but they face many other barriers in this strongly regulated and institutionalized labor market. Based on a longitudinal dataset that links respondents’ information from the Belgian Labor Force Survey with comprehensive social security data on their work histories, we estimate discrete-time hazard models to analyze refugees’ entry into and exit out of the first employment spell, contrasting their outcomes with family and labor migrants of the same arrival cohort. The analysis shows that refugees take significantly longer to enter their first employment spell as compared with other migrant groups. They also run a greater risk of exiting out of their first employment spell (back) into social assistance and into unemployment. The low employment rates of refugees are thus not only due to a slow integration process upon arrival, but also reflect a disproportional risk of exiting the labor market after a period in work. Our findings indicate that helping refugees into a first job is not sufficient to ensure labor market participation in the long run, because these jobs may be short-lived. Instead, our results provide clear arguments in favor of policies that support sustainable labor market integration.

scholarly journals The long-term impact of employment bans on the economic integration of refugees

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. eaap9519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Marbach ◽  
Jens Hainmueller ◽  
Dominik Hangartner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Long Term Impact

Many European countries impose employment bans that prevent asylum seekers from entering the local labor market for a certain waiting period upon arrival. We provide evidence on the long-term effects of these employment bans on the subsequent economic integration of refugees. We leverage a natural experiment in Germany, where a court ruling prompted a reduction in the length of the employment ban. We find that, 5 years after the waiting period was reduced, employment rates were about 20 percentage points lower for refugees who, upon arrival, had to wait for an additional 7 months before they were allowed to enter the labor market. It took up to 10 years for this employment gap to disappear. Our findings suggest that longer employment bans considerably slowed down the economic integration of refugees and reduced their motivation to integrate early on after arrival. A marginal social cost analysis for the study sample suggests that this employment ban cost German taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, on average, in terms of welfare expenditures and foregone tax revenues from unemployed refugees.

scholarly journals The Violent Legacy of Conflict: Evidence on Asylum Seekers, Crime, and Public Policy in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 4378-4425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Couttenier ◽  
Veronica Petrencu ◽  
Dominic Rohner ◽  
Mathias Thoenig
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unique Dataset

We study empirically how past exposure to conflict in origin countries makes migrants more violence-prone in their host country, focusing on asylum seekers in Switzerland. We exploit a novel and unique dataset on all crimes reported in Switzerland by the nationalities of perpetrators and of victims over 2009–2016. Our baseline result is that cohorts exposed to civil conflict/mass killing during childhood are 35 percent more prone to violent crime than the average cohort. This effect is particularly strong for early childhood exposure and is mostly confined to co-nationals, consistent with inter-group hostility persisting over time. We exploit cross-region heterogeneity in public policies within Switzerland to document which integration policies are best able to mitigate the detrimental effect of past conflict exposure on violent criminality. We find that offering labor market access to asylum seekers eliminates two-thirds of the effect. (JEL D74, F22, K42, Z18)

scholarly journals A Geografia Universitária em época de Benchmarking

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Barata Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The Bologna Process

The Bologna process has brought some new dimensions to the discussion around the structure and organization of university degrees. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by focusing on three particular aspects: the increase in the level of competition between the schools, the type of labor market access rendered possible by the first cycle of studies and, in close relationship with the latter aspect, the issue of the skills and competences that the students are supposed to have acquired upon ending their university studies. Finally, we address the issue of the teaching methods and their repercussions upon the structure of the courses.

“Still haven't found what I am looking for”: rural black students' perceived work readiness and assessment of labor market access

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Harry ◽  
Willie Tafadzwa Chinyamurindi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Education System ◽  
Black People ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Market Access

PurposeSouth African Black graduates experience a transition challenge between the higher education context and the labor market system. The study focuses on rural Black students' perceived work readiness and assessment of labor market access in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachFocus groups and unstructured individual interviews were conducted with 30 final-year students enrolled at a historically Black university in South Africa.FindingsFour main narratives were found to affect rural Black students' perceptions of work readiness and their assessment of labor market access in South Africa. These include: (1) language of instruction within the higher education system, (2) challenges around access to career counseling and guidance services, (3) dealing with a curriculum system not relevant to the lived experiences of Black people and finally, (4) challenges inherent within higher education institution attended by Black students. A thread among these four appraisals appears to be the rural Black students' concern around the entire education system from basic to higher education.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light and presents an understanding of perceptions of an educational system and issues around work readiness and labor market access in South Africa.

Ongelijke kansen op de transitionele arbeidsmarkt

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Govert Bijwaard ◽  
Justus Veenman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
German Economist ◽  
Positive Effect

Unequal chances on the transitional labour market Unequal chances on the transitional labour market The modern labor market has been described as a 'transitional labor market' because of the increasing number of transitions between work and non-work. According to the founding father of the concept, the German economist Günther Schmid, the Netherlands is leading in this respect. Although much of the literature on the transitional labor market is positively tuned, Schmid warns for the risks of long-term exclusion. The core question in this article is whether such risks exist for migrants in the Netherlands. The research focuses on unemployment, disability, and domestic care. The transition chances of Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antillians are estimated with proportional hazard models. A decomposition method is used to explain the differences found. Migrants indeed seem to have disadvantaged transition chances, with one notable exception. Antillians have better chances than Dutch natives to leave disability. Migrants' unfavourable results can be explained from their demographic as well as human capital characteristics. In the case of unemployment or disability, Moroccans are also negatively affected by non-measured characteristics. Important for labor market policies is that labor experience seems to have a significant positive effect on the transition chances of non-workers. It is advisable to implement this finding in actual discussion on the liberalization of the rules on dismissal.

scholarly journals Education, Competences - Labor Market Analysis Against the Challenges of Industry 4.0 Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Anna Wiśniewska-Salek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Technical Science ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

AbstractBuilding a strong economy depends on numerous factors: technological, political, geographical but also and above all social ones. Currently, the ongoing fourth industrial revolution is primarily based on digitization of all processes in the conducted activities. The acquisition and processing of vast amount of data generates information which is very complex and not always unambiguous. Industry 4.0 also assumes that employees will understand both technical needs and those not related to the production process. This means that the present education system (definitely the one related to technical science) should also be changed so that engineers acquire more managerial skills. The article presents the educational assumptions in the face of challenges posed by Industry 4.0 in the context of the current opportunities of the labor market and education in Poland and in Europe.

scholarly journals Les équivalences discursives et les suites préconstruites

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 21-58
Author(s):  
Gaston Gross
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Grammar Rules ◽  
The Face ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Fact

A given predicate is defined by a set of properties which combine and which automatically generate all the sentences it allows. Among them, we note the number and the semantic class of the arguments which characterize it, the adjectival and adverbial modifiers which can be added tothe scheme of arguments as well as all the transformations which affect each of these units. The speaker is responsible for attributing to sentences the set of all the forms that language allows him to generate. What has just been said can be considered as a definition of syntax.But this situation is far from exhausting the description of a language. J. Dubois and especially Maurice Gross have devoted large-scale work to fixed expressions, that is to say, to the restrictions relating to the combinatorics usually observed around a given predicate. These studies have focused on the limitations of grammar rules as they are generally described. These two authors have drawn up lists of tens of thousands of “fixed” verbs and have highlighted the limits of this fixing. However, they made an observation without highlighting the causes of the fixing, which is a much more complex linguistic fact than this work suggests. The purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it emphasizes what can be called discursive equivalences: in a given situation, the same idea can be translated by expressions which have no obvious link between them, as in: con comme la lune, con comme un balai, con comme une baleine, con comme une bite, con comme une valise. Another example: voici belle lurette, voici longtemps, voici un temps fou, voici une paille, voici une paye. It goes without saying that the speaker is not master of these expressions, because they are written in the language. This article shows that these equivalences are very numerous. On the other hand, I. Mel’čuk initiated important work on pragmatemes. Again the “regular” syntax is defective. All these cases are in fact examples of pre-constructed sequences, of which this article attempts to make a first classification. These sequences are explained by specific communication conditions as seen with these examples:a) Doubt or reluctance in the face of information that one can hardly believe:à d’autres !, à d’autres mais pas à moi !, à d’autres mais pas à nous ! b) Criticism of a work that is considered null and uninteresting:c’est de la bouillie pour les chats, c’est de la bricole, c’est de la briquette, c’est de la couille,c’est de la merde, c’est de la piquette, c’est du flan, c’est du pipeau, c’est du vent.This is long-term work, which allows us to renew certain theoretical perspectives.  

scholarly journals Mitigating Long-term Unemployment in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (168) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nujin Suphaphiphat ◽  
Hiroaki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
Matching Efficiency ◽  
Labor Market Matching ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Active Labor Market Policies

While unemployment rates in Europe declined after the global financial crisis until 2018/19, the incidence of long-term unemployment, the share of people who have been unemployed for more than one year to the total unemployed, remained high. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the long-term unemployment. This paper explores factors associated with long-term unemployment in European countries, using panel of 25 European countries over the period 2000–18. We find that skill mismatches, labor market matching efficiency, and labor market policies are associated with the incidence of long-term unemployment. Among different types of active labor market policies, training and start-up incentives are found to be effective in reducing long-term unemployment.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Urban Refugee Livelihoods

Refuge ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Buscher
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Market Access ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Urban Refugees ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Labor Market Access

Increasingly refugees live in urban areas—usually in slums impacted by unemployment, poverty, overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure. Host governments often restrict refugees’ access to the labor market, access that can be further impeded by language barriers, arbitrary fees, and discrimination. UNHCR and its partners are seldom equipped to understand and navigate the complex urban economic environment in order to create opportunities for refugees in these settings. Based on assessments undertaken in 2010 and 2011 in Kampala, New Delhi and Johannesburg, research findings indicate that refugees in urban areas adopt a variety of economic coping strategies, many of which place them at risk, and that new approaches and different partnerships are needed for the design and implementationof economic programs. This paper presents findings from the assessments and lays out strategies to address the challenges confronting urban refugees’ ability to enter and compete in the labor market.

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