Assessing Cold-Snap and Mortality Events in South Florida Coastal Ecosystems: Development of a Biological Cold Stress Index Using Satellite SST and Weather Pattern Forcing

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2310-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Pirhalla ◽  
Scott C. Sheridan ◽  
Varis Ransibrahmanakul ◽  
Cameron C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Weather Pattern ◽  
Satellite Sst ◽  
Cold Snap

Long-term monitoring provides insight into estuarine top predator (Carcharhinus leucas) resilience following an extreme weather event

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
P Matich ◽  
BA Strickland ◽  
MR Heithaus
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Ontogenetic Shifts ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Acute Disturbance ◽  
Cold Snap

Chronic environmental change threatens biodiversity, but acute disturbance events present more rapid and immediate threats. In 2010, a cold snap across south Florida had wide-ranging impacts, including negative effects on recreational fisheries, agriculture, and ecological communities. Here, we use acoustic telemetry and historical longline monitoring to assess the long-term implications of this event on juvenile bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in the Florida Everglades. Despite the loss of virtually all individuals (ca. 90%) within the Shark River Estuary during the cold snap, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of age 0 sharks on longlines recovered through recruitment within 6-8 mo of the event. Acoustic telemetry revealed that habitat use patterns of age 0-2 sharks reached an equilibrium in 4-6 yr. In contrast, the CPUE and habitat use of age 3 sharks required 5-7 yr to resemble pre-cold snap patterns. Environmental conditions and predation risk returned to previous levels within 1 yr of the cold snap, but abundances of some prey species remained depressed for several years. Reduced prey availability may have altered the profitability of some microhabitats after the cold snap, leading to more rapid ontogenetic shifts to marine waters among sharks for several years. Accelerated ontogenetic shifts coupled with inter-individual behavioral variability of bull sharks likely led to a slower recovery rate than predicted based on overall shark CPUE. While intrinsic variation driven by stochasticity in dynamic ecosystems may increase the resistance of species to chronic and acute disturbance, it may also increase recovery time in filling the diversity of niches occupied prior to disturbance if resistive capacity is exceeded.

scholarly journals Is there a Need to Integrate Human Thermal Models with Weather Forecasts to Predict Thermal Stress?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petersson ◽  
Kuklane ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Thermal Models ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

More and more people will experience thermal stress in the future as the global temperature is increasing at an alarming rate and the risk for extreme weather events is growing. The increased exposure to extreme weather events poses a challenge for societies around the world. This literature review investigates the feasibility of making advanced human thermal models in connection with meteorological data publicly available for more versatile practices and a wider population. By providing society and individuals with personalized heat and cold stress warnings, coping advice and educational purposes, the risks of thermal stress can effectively be reduced. One interesting approach is to use weather station data as input for the wet bulb globe temperature heat stress index, human heat balance models, and wind chill index to assess heat and cold stress. This review explores the advantages and challenges of this approach for the ongoing EU project ClimApp where more advanced models may provide society with warnings on an individual basis for different thermal environments such as tropical heat or polar cold. The biggest challenges identified are properly assessing mean radiant temperature, microclimate weather data availability, integration and continuity of different thermal models, and further model validation for vulnerable groups.

Field measurements of comfort, seasonal performance and cold stress in cross-laminated timber (CLT) school buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Oluseun Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Seasonal Performance ◽  
The Mean

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the seasonal performance, occupants’ comfort and cold stress in cross-laminated timber school buildings located in the USA (Northeast region). Design/methodology/approach The Fall survey was done from October–November 2017. In the Winter, it was considered from December 2017–February 2018. The study measured environmental parameters in the chosen spaces. The research applied the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) model to determine the indexes in various seasons. Findings In the Fall, the average inside temperature was 21.2°C, the average RH was 50.7 per cent, and the mean dew-point was 9.3°C. The mean inside temperature was 20.5°C in the Winter while the mean RH was 23.9 per cent and the average dew-point was −1.9°C. The overall mean inside temperatures in both seasons were within the ASHRAE comfort temperature limits for cold seasons. During the surveys, higher average values of temperature, RH and dew-point were measured in the offices than the other spaces. Practical implications The research showed people might be subject to lower temperatures in the hall than the other spaces. Some design parameters and occupation hours may contribute to the lower temperatures reported in the hall than the different spaces. Originality/value The study proposes the WBGT of 16.0°C and 13.7°C as the stress indexes in the Fall and Winter seasons correspondingly. Last, the research suggests a WBGT of 14.9°C as the overall mean stress index within the spaces considered in this study.

scholarly journals Future Projections of heat and cold stress based on two RCP Scenarios over Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Politi ◽  
Diamando Vlachogiannis ◽  
Athanasios Sfetsos ◽  
Iason Markantonis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Of Greece

<p>Climate change will exert a considerable influence across the area of Greece with temperature and precipitation extreme events becoming more frequent creating significant impacts on many societal and economic sectors. Future projections based on a range of anthropogenic scenarios show that decreases of annual rainfall amounts associated with increases of heat-waves and droughts are anticipated in several regions of Greece. Τhe Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has appropriately been set-up and parameterized with a high spatial resolution of 5 km for the area of Greece. Previous research has revealed the capability of the configured WRF high resolution model to reproduce the main climatological variables in this region, which is dominated by highly variable topographic characteristics. The scope of this study is to investigate climate change projections for indices that express human‐perceived temperature extremes such as the Humidity index (Humidex), Wind Chill index (WCI) and Heat stress index (HI) in order to evaluate the potential impact on human health. These indices use different meteorological variables or a combination of them such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The computation of these indices is based on daily simulated data, under two different scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5) and periods (2025-2049 and 2075-2099) compared to present climate conditions (1980-2004). Downscaled results are derived from the global EC-EARTH model dataset, used for initial and boundary conditions. Our findings contribute to the quantification of future changes as well as on the identification of potential areas that might become prone to different degrees of heat/cold stress over the area of Greece.</p>

scholarly journals Demyristoylation of the Cytoplasmic Redox Protein Trx-h2 Is Critical for Inducing a Rapid Cold Stress Response in Plants

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Eun Seon Lee ◽  
Joung Hun Park ◽  
Seong Dong Wi ◽  
Ho Byoung Chae ◽  
Seol Ki Paeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Redox Protein ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Cor Genes

In Arabidopsis, the cytosolic redox protein thioredoxin h2 (Trx-h2) is anchored to the cytoplasmic endomembrane through the myristoylated second glycine residue (Gly2). However, under cold stress, the cytosolic Trx-h2 is rapidly translocated to the nucleus, where it interacts with and reduces the cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs), thus activating cold-responsive (COR) genes. In this study, we investigated the significance of fatty acid modification of Trx-h2 under cold conditions by generating transgenic Arabidopsis lines in the trx-h2 mutant background, overexpressing Trx-h2 (Trx-h2OE/trx-h2) and its point mutation variant Trx-h2(G/A) [Trx-h2(G/A)OE/trx-h2], in which the Gly2 was replaced by alanine (Ala). Due to the lack of Gly2, Trx-h2(G/A) was incapable of myristoylation, and a part of Trx-h2(G/A) localized to the nucleus even under warm temperature. As no time is spent on the demyristoylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of Trx-h2(G/A) under a cold snap, the ability of Trx-h2(G/A) to protect plants from cold stress was greater than that of Trx-h2. Additionally, COR genes were up-regulated earlier in Trx-h2(G/A)2OE/trx-h2 plants than in Trx-h2OE/trx-h2 plants under cold stress. Consequently, Trx-h2(G/A)2OE/trx-h2 plants showed greater cold tolerance than Col-0 (wild type) and Trx-h2OE/trx-h2 plants. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate the significance of the demyristoylation of Trx-h2 in enhancing plant cold/freezing tolerance.

Association between calcitriol and paricalcitol with oxidative stress in patients with hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hasan Haci Yeter ◽  
Berfu Korucu ◽  
Elif Burcu Bali ◽  
Ulver Derici
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Oxidant Status ◽  
Vitamin D Analog ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract. Background: The pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease and its complications, including cardiovascular disease, are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) and synthetic vitamin D analog (paricalcitol) on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was composed of 83 patients with a minimum hemodialysis vintage of one year. Patients with a history of any infection, malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disease were excluded. Oxidative markers (total oxidant and antioxidant status) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were analyzed. Results: A total of 47% (39/83) patients were using active or analog vitamin D. Total antioxidant status was significantly higher in patients with using active or analog vitamin D than those who did not use (p = 0.006). Whereas, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in patients with not using vitamin D when compared with the patients who were using vitamin D preparation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). On the other hand, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were similar between patients who used active vitamin D or vitamin D analog (p = 0.6; p = 0.4 and p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusion: The use of active or selective vitamin D analog in these patients decreases total oxidant status and increases total antioxidant status. Also, paricalcitol is as effective as calcitriol in decreasing total oxidant status and increasing total antioxidant status in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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