Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii through negative regulation of competence-stimulating peptide signaling pathway

AbstractBiofilm formation by bacterial pathogens is associated with numerous human diseases and can confer resistance to both antibiotics and host defenses. Many strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis are capable of forming biofilms and are important human pathogens. Since S. epidermidis coexists with abundant Cutibacteria acnes on healthy human skin and does not typically form a biofilm in this environment, we hypothesized that C. acnes may influence biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. Culture supernatants from C. acnes and other species of Cutibacteria inhibited S. epidermidis but did not inhibit biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Bacillus subtilis, and inhibited biofilms by S. aureus to a lesser extent. Biofilm inhibitory activity exhibited chemical properties of short chain fatty acids known to be produced from C. acnes. The addition of the pure short chain fatty acids propionic, isobutyric or isovaleric acid to S. epidermidis inhibited biofilm formation and, similarly to C. acnes supernatant, reduced polysaccharide synthesis by S. epidermidis. Both short chain fatty acids and C. acnes culture supernatant also increased sensitivity of S. epidermidis to antibiotic killing under biofilm-forming conditions. These observations suggest the presence of C. acnes in a diverse microbial community with S. epidermidis can be beneficial to the host and demonstrates that short chain fatty acids may be useful to limit formation of a biofilm by S. epidermidis.

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Aloe polysaccharides ameliorate acute colitis in mice via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and short-chain fatty acids metabolism

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Liu ◽

Hanyi Hua ◽

HongKang Zhu ◽

Yuliang Cheng ◽

Yahui Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Short chain fatty acids reduces OPCs loss by inhibiting activation of astrocytes via SGK1/IL-6 signaling pathway

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1143646/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanmin Gao ◽

Di Xie ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Lei Niu ◽

Hua Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Ischemic Brain ◽

Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽

Oligodendrocyte Precursor ◽

Related Pathway ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known to be actively involved in neurological disease, but their roles in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is unclear. This study established a rat model of HIBI, then measured the changes in IL-6 and NLRP3, proliferation and apoptosis indicators of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The mechanism of SCFAs on astrocytes were also investigated. To further explore the mechanism, astrocytes were treated with hypoxia in vitro and OPCs were treated with IL-6. The results showed that SCFAs significantly alleviated the activation of astrocyte and loss of OPCs induced by HIBI. SCFAs pretreatment was associated with the following: (1) downregulation of NLRP3, IL-6, CCL2, and IP-10; (2) was no effect on proliferation of OPCs; (3) amelioration of the abnormal expression of Bax and Bcl-2; and (4) regulation of IL-6 expression via SGK1 related pathway in astrocytes. Our findings revealed that SCFAs alleviated loss of OPCs through regulating the astrocytes activation by SGK1/IL-6 signaling pathway.

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Polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis Skirt Boosts Immune Response via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Metabolism in Mice

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10102478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2478

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Juan Qin ◽

Yinghui Cheng ◽

Yuqing Ai ◽

Zhiyi Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Response ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Tlr Signaling ◽

Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽

Tlr Signaling Pathway ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Polysaccharide from marine shellfish has various bioactivities. In this study, the effects of polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis skirt (PS) on boosting immune response in mice were evaluated, and the potential mechanisms were explored. The results showed that PS administration effectively increased the serum IgG and IgM levels, implying that PS had immune response-boosting properties. Moreover, PS administration could modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and significantly improve short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, especially butyrate metabolism. Of note, the expression of the Tlr2, Tlr7, MyD88, Tnfa, and Il1b genes in toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was significantly increased. In summary, PS could boost immune response by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism correlating with the activation of the TLR signaling pathway. Therefore, PS can be developed as a special ingredient for functional product.

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