Ground fissures geology in Xi’an and failure mitigation measures for utility tunnel system due to geohazard

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Yan ◽  
Junling Qiu ◽  
Qiangbing Huang ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Yongli Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Utility Tunnel ◽  
Failure Mitigation ◽  
Tunnel System

Feasibility study on the geothermal utility tunnel system

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 101445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Fang-Le Peng ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Li-Ning Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Utility Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel System

Ground fissures in Xi’an and measures to prevent damage to the Metro tunnel system due to geohazards

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Feng Wang ◽  
Shui-Long Shen ◽  
Wen-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Ye-Shuang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Metro Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel System

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Deformation Mechanism of a Utility Tunnel in a Ground Fissure Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
Ganggang Lu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xiang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Utility Tunnel ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper discusses the deformation mechanism of a utility tunnel crossing active ground fissures in Xi’an as observed in a physical model test. The purpose of this work is to confirm the precise effects of ground fissures on utility tunnels. The physical simulation experiment is carried out to measure the earth pressure and the strain relationship of the structure and the structural displacement. The structure appears to have been destroyed by torsion. The structural deformation located in the tunnel’s footwall was more serious than that in the hanging wall. However, at the top of the utility tunnel structure, the earth pressure in the footwall was less than that in the hanging wall. The increased range of the hanging wall at 0.3–1.5 m (the prototype within the range of 22.5 m) and decreased range of the footwall at 0.3–0.8 m (the prototype within the range of 12 m) were basically consistent with changes in the contact pressure at the structure’s bottom. This was roughly consistent with the main deformation zone of ground fissures mentioned in the specification, with the hanging wall at 0–20 m and footwall at 0–12 mm. Displacement meter data shows that the structure tends to deform to the lower right as the utility tunnel is “twisted” clockwise. These observations mark a notable departure from the previously published failure mode of metro tunnels under active ground fissures.

Failure analysis of urban open-cut utility tunnel under ground fissures environment in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 105529
Author(s):  
Yufeng Yan ◽  
Qiangbing Huang ◽  
Yongli Xie ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Utility Tunnel

scholarly journals Calculation of the Vertical Strata Load of Utility Tunnel Crossing Ground Fissure Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
Ganggang Lu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xiang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Fissure Zone ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Ground Fissure ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Utility Tunnel ◽  
Surrounding Soil

A ground fissure is a geological disaster in which the vertical dislocation of strata causes surface rupture. Ground fissures can cause extreme harm to the surface and underground buildings. Ground fissure activity can result in different settlement on the two sides of the strata, which will generate additional stress (pressure) that differs from the stress of the general stratum on underground structures across the ground fissure zone. It is essential to assess the effective stress of strata in the design of underground engineering structures across a ground fissure zone. The Xi’an ground fissure through a utility tunnel was focus of the research, and a physical model and data for oblique crossing of the 45° ground fissure were analyzed. A model of the utility tunnel structure was established, including the surrounding soil load as an active ground fissure environment. This model was used to calculate the vertical formation pressure of the overlying soil on the utility tunnel. A method to calculate the overlying load on the utility tunnel caused by ground fissure activity was proposed and compared with the calculation based on the A. Marston principle. The results showed that the ground fissure load calculation method based on the strata-holding effect can effectively calculate the earth pressure of the surrounding soil layer of the utility tunnel in the cross-ground fissure section. The results of this work provide guidance and reference value for the design of a utility tunnel in an area with the potential for a ground fissure.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intersection Angle on the Failure Mechanism of Utility Tunnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Li Fangtao ◽  
Qiyao Wang ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
Zhang Yonghui ◽  
Ren Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Intersection Angle ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Utility Tunnel

Planning utility tunnel network in the area with geological disasters poses serious concerns, especial for the utility tunnel built in the ground fissures developed cities. Many prevention and control measures have been taken when the utility tunnel crossed the ground fissures, such as finding the right intersection angle when planning the utility tunnel. In order to study the effect of intersection angle for utility tunnel when crossing ground fissures, this paper compares outcomes when the utility tunnel crosses ground fissures with different intersection angle through numerical simulation method. Because actually the intersection angle of utility tunnel and ground fissures is varied, in order to make stress-strain relationship of the model more realistic, a trilinear mode of reinforcing bar stress-strain relationship was established, and the material property of utility tunnel and soil were assigned to concrete damaged plasticity and Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, respectively. The simulation result shows that the axial tension stress and vertical shear stress of utility tunnel are increased with the increasing of intersection angle, but displacement and shear stress of utility tunnel in horizontal direction are increased with the decreasing of intersection angle. The variation of intersection angle of utility tunnel and ground fissures cannot significantly reduce the damage of utility tunnel. The vertical displacement of utility tunnel does not vary with intersection angle. Finally, this paper suggests that the strengthening length of utility tunnel should not be less than 50 meters (10 times the height of utility tunnel) on both sides of the ground fissures no matter the variation of intersection angle.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Protected Strawberry Productions in Central Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4879
Author(s):  
Alessio Ilari ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Kofi Armah Boakye-Yiadom ◽  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Ester Foppa Pedretti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Tunnel System ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural activities in Europe cover half of the total area of the continent and are simultaneously a cause of environmental impact and victims of the same impact. Horticultural or fruit crops are considered highly intensive and often employ many crop inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and various materials. Strawberry falls into this group, and it has grown in acreage and production more than others globally. The aim of this study is to compare the environmental impact of two strawberry cultivation systems in central Italy, a mulched soil tunnel and a soilless tunnel system. The method used to assess the impact is LCA, widely applied in agriculture and supported by international standards. The data used are mainly primary, related to 2018, and representative of the cultivation systems of central Italy. For impact assessment, the method selected was the CML_IA baseline version. From the results obtained, the two systems show a similar impact per kg of strawberries produced (e.g., for global warming: 0.785 kg CO2 eq for soilless, 0.778 kg CO2 eq for mulched soil tunnel). Reduced differences can be observed for the use of crop inputs (greater for the tunnel) and the use of materials and technology (greater for soilless). The mitigation measures considered concern the replacement of the packaging (excluding plastic) and the growing medium of the soilless using perlite and compost from insect breeding.

Costs and Benefits of the Transition to Low-carbon Economyin Russia: Perspectives up to 2050

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov ◽  
A. Myshak
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Very High

This paper investigates costs and benefits associated with low-carbon economic development pathways realization to the mid XXI century. 30 scenarios covering practically all “visions of the future” were developed by several research groups based on scenario assumptions agreed upon in advance. It is shown that with a very high probability Russian energy-related GHG emissions will reach the peak before 2050, which will be at least 11% below the 1990 emission level. The height of the peak depends on portfolio of GHG emissions mitigation measures. Efforts to keep 2050 GHG emissions 25-30% below the 1990 level bring no GDP losses. GDP impact of deep GHG emission reduction - by 50% of the 1990 level - varies from plus 4% to minus 9%. Finally, very deep GHG emission reduction - by 80% - may bring GDP losses of over 10%.

Fire Risk Analysis Using Geospatial Approach and Mitigation Measures for South-West Delhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
S. K. Tomar ◽  
A. Kaur ◽  
H. K. Dangi ◽  
T. Ghawana ◽  
K. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
South West ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Fire Stations

One of the major challenge from unplanned growth in the cities is the fire incidents posing a serious threat to life and property. Delhi, the capital city of India, has seen unplanned growth of colonies resulting in a serious concern for the relevant agencies. This paper investigates the relation between potential causes of fire incidents during 2013-2016 in South-West Delhi Division of Delhi Fire Services as part of risk analysis using the data about fire stations & their jurisdictions, incidents of fire, water reservoirs available, landuse and population data along with the divisional & sub-divisional boundaries of South-West Delhi division under Delhi Fire Service. Statistical and Geospatial tools have been used together to perform the risk analysis. The analysis reveals that difference in actual occupancy and defined landuse as a part of unplanned growth of settlements is found to be the main reason behind the major fire incidents. The suggested mitigation measures focus on legal, policy, physical & technological aspects and highlight the need to bring the systemic changes with changing scenario of demographics and infrastructure to accommodate more aspects of ground reality.

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