Exceptionally preserved extracellular bone matrix proteins from the late Neogene proboscidean Anancus (Mammalia: Proboscidea)

PalZ ◽

10.1007/s12542-021-00566-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tyede H. Schmidt-Schultz ◽

Mike Reich ◽

Michael Schultz

Keyword(s):

Bone Matrix ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Late Pliocene ◽

Exceptional Preservation ◽

Late Neogene ◽

Bone Matrix Proteins ◽

First Time

AbstractIn an exceptional preservation state, bones conserve the entire pattern of extracellular bone matrix proteins over thousands or sometimes even millions of years. Here we present typical extracellular bone matrix proteins, which were extracted from a 3.0-million-year-old gomphothere proboscidean, and identified with special antibodies. For the first time, osteonectin, osteopontin and BMP-2 were confidently identified from the extinct Anancus arvernensis, based on late Pliocene material from Willershausen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Our study has value in demonstrating that the longevity of original extracellular bone matrix proteins is much greater than formerly expected, and that such materials may be stabilised for distinct geological periods of time, especially in Fossil Lagerstätten.

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Interactions between the bone matrix proteins osteopontin and bone sialoprotein and the osteoclast integrin alpha v beta 3 potentiate bone resorption

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98430-9 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 268 (13) ◽

pp. 9901-9907

Author(s):

F.P. Ross ◽

J. Chappel ◽

J.I. Alvarez ◽

D. Sander ◽

W.T. Butler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Sialoprotein ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Bone Matrix Proteins ◽

Alpha V Beta 3

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Effect of protein restriction on the messenger RNA contents of bone-matrix proteins, insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in femur of ovariectomized rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19960188 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 811-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yusuke Higashi ◽

Asako Takenaka ◽

Shin-Ichiro Takahashi ◽

Tadashi Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Protein Restriction ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Type I ◽

Bone Matrix Proteins ◽

Mrna Content ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factors

It has been reported that loss of ovarian oestrogen after menopause or by ovariectomy causes osteoporosis. In order to elucidate the effect of dietary protein restriction on bone metabolism after ovariectomy, we fed ovariectomized young female rats on a casein-based diet (50g/kg diet (protein restriction) or 200g/kg diet (control)) for 3 weeks and measured mRNA contents of bone-matrix proteins such as osteocalcin, osteopontin and α1 type I collagen, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in femur. Ovariectomy decreased the weight of fat-free dry bone and increased urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links significantly, although dietary protein restriction did not affect them. Neither ovariectomy nor protein restriction affected the content of mRNA of osteopontin and osteocalcin; however, ovariectomy increased and protein restriction extensively decreased the α1 type I collagen mRNA content in bone tissues. Ovariectomy increased IGF-I mRNA only in the rats fed on the control diet. Conversely, protein rest riction increased and ovariectomy decreased the IGF-II mRNA content in femur. Furthermore, the contents of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 mRNA increased, but the content of IGFBP-3 mRNA decreased in femur of the rats fed on the protein-restricted diet. In particular, ovariectomy decreased the IGFBP-2 mRNA content in the protein-restricted rats and the IGFBP-6 mRNA content in the rats fed on the control diet. These results clearly show that the mRNA for some of the proteins which have been shown to be involved in bone formation are regulated by both quantity of dietary proteins and ovarian hormones.

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