scholarly journals Saving bandwidth and energy of mobile and IoT devices with link predictions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Orsini ◽  
Wolf Posdorfer ◽  
Winfried Lamersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Software Infrastructure ◽  
Distributed Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Middleware ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract Use cases in the Internet of Things (IoT) and in mobile clouds often require the interaction of one or more mobile devices with their infrastructure to provide users with services. Ideally, this interaction is based on a reliable connection between the communicating devices, which is often not the case. Since most use cases do not adequately address this issue, service quality is often compromised. Aimed to address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach to forecast the connectivity and bandwidth of mobile devices by applying machine learning to the context data recorded by the various sensors of the mobile device. This concept, designed as a microservice, has been implemented in the mobile middleware CloudAware, a system software infrastructure for mobile cloud computing that integrates easily with mobile operating systems, such as Android. We evaluated our approach with real sensor data and showed how to enable mobile devices in the IoT to make assumptions about their future connectivity, allowing for intelligent and distributed decision making on the mobile edge of the network.

scholarly journals Design a blockchain-based middleware layer in the Internet of Things Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In next-generation computing, the role of cloud, internet and smart devices will be capacious. Nowadays we all are familiar with the word smart. This word is used a number of times in our daily life. The Internet of Things (IoT) will produce remarkable different kinds of information from different resources. It can store big data in the cloud. The fog computing acts as an interface between cloud and IoT. The extension of fog in this framework works on physical things under IoT. The IoT devices are called fog nodes, they can have accessed anywhere within the range of the network. The blockchain is a novel approach to record the transactions in a sequence securely. Developing a new blockchains based middleware framework in the architecture of the Internet of Things is one of the critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of IoT. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the middleware framework in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates blockchains to the Internet of things and provides communication security to the internet of smart devices.

scholarly journals IoT and UAV Integration in 5G Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marchese ◽  
Aya Moheddine ◽  
Fabio Patrone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
Scalable Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications (5G) will lead to the growth of use cases demanding higher capacity and a enhanced data rate, a lower latency, and a more flexible and scalable network able to offer better user Quality of Experience (QoE). The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of these use cases. It has been spreading in the recent past few years, and it covers a wider range of possible application scenarios, such as smart city, smart factory, and smart agriculture, among many others. However, the limitations of the terrestrial network hinder the deployment of IoT devices and services. Besides, the existence of a plethora of different solutions (short vs. long range, commercialized vs. standardized, etc.), each of them based on different communication protocols and, in some cases, on different access infrastructures, makes the integration among them and with the upcoming 5G infrastructure more difficult. This paper discusses the huge set of IoT solutions available or still under standardization that will need to be integrated in the 5G framework. UAVs and satellites will be proposed as possible solutions to ease this integration, overcoming the limitations of the terrestrial infrastructure, such as the limited covered areas and the densification of the number of IoT devices per square kilometer.

scholarly journals Towards the Internet of Agents: An Analysis of the Internet of Things from the Intelligence and Autonomy Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Pico Valencia ◽  
Juan A. Holgado-Terriza ◽  
Deiver Herrera-Sánchez ◽  
José Luis Sampietro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Iot Platforms ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Internet Of Agents

Recently, the scientific community has demonstrated a special interest in the process related to the integration of the agent-oriented technology with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. Then, it arises a novel approach named Internet of Agents (IoA) as an alternative to add an intelligence and autonomy component for IoT devices and networks. This paper presents an analysis of the main benefits derived from the use of the IoA approach, based on a practical point of view regarding the necessities that humans demand in their daily life and work, which can be solved by IoT networks modeled as IoA infrastructures. It has been presented 24 study cases of the IoA approach at different domains ––smart industry, smart city and smart health wellbeing–– in order to define the scope of these proposals in terms of intelligence and autonomy in contrast to their corresponding generic IoT applications.

scholarly journals Analysis of P4 and XDP for IoT Programmability in 6G and Beyond

IoT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-622
Author(s):  
David Carrascal ◽  
Elisa Rojas ◽  
Joaquin Alvarez-Horcajo ◽  
Diego Lopez-Pajares ◽  
Isaías Martínez-Yelmo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Software Defined Networking ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cpu Usage ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Recently, two technologies have emerged to provide advanced programmability in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environments, namely P4 and XDP. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a pillar of future 6G networks, which will be also sustained by SDN. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the suitability of P4 and XDP for IoT. In this article, we aim to compare both technologies to help future research efforts in the field. For this purpose, we evaluate both technologies by implementing diverse use cases, assessing their performance and providing a quick qualitative overview. All tests and design scenarios are publicly available in GitHub to guarantee replication and serve as initial steps for researchers that want to initiate in the field. Results illustrate that currently XDP is the best option for constrained IoT devices, showing lower latency times, half the CPU usage, and reduced memory in comparison with P4. However, development of P4 programs is more straightforward and the amount of code lines is more similar regardless of the scenario. Additionally, P4 has a lot of potential in IoT if a special effort is made to improve the most common software target, BMv2.

scholarly journals Container Migration in the Fog: A Performance Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Puliafito ◽  
Carlo Vallati ◽  
Enzo Mingozzi ◽  
Giovanni Merlino ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Migration Technique

The internet of things (IoT) is essential for the implementation of applications and services that require the ability to sense the surrounding environment through sensors and modify it through actuators. However, IoT devices usually have limited computing capabilities and hence are not always sufficient to directly host resource-intensive services. Fog computing, which extends and complements the cloud, can support the IoT with computing resources and services that are deployed close to where data are sensed and actions need to be performed. Virtualisation is an essential feature in the cloud as in the fog, and containers have been recently getting much popularity to encapsulate fog services. Besides, container migration among fog nodes may enable several emerging use cases in different IoT domains (e.g., smart transportation, smart industry). In this paper, we first report container migration use cases in the fog and discuss containerisation. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art migration techniques for containers, i.e., cold, pre-copy, post-copy, and hybrid migrations. The main contribution of this work is the extensive performance evaluation of these techniques that we conducted over a real fog computing testbed. The obtained results shed light on container migration within fog computing environments by clarifying, in general, which migration technique might be the most appropriate under certain network and service conditions.

scholarly journals Research on Data Mining of Permission-Induced Risk for Android IoT Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Xiaosong Zhang ◽  
Riaz Khan ◽  
Abubakar Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Malware Detection ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Android Apps ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Android Permission ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the growing era of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more devices are connecting with the Internet using android applications to provide various services. The IoT devices are used for sensing, controlling and monitoring of different processes. Most of IoT devices use Android applications for communication and data exchange. Therefore, a secure Android permission privileged mechanism is required to increase the security of apps. According to a recent study, a malicious Android application is developed almost every 10 s. To resist this serious malware campaign, we need effective malware detection approaches to identify malware applications effectively and efficiently. Most of the studies focused on detecting malware based on static and dynamic analysis of the applications. However, to analyse the risky permission at runtime is a challenging task. In this study, first, we proposed a novel approach to distinguish between malware and benign applications based on permission ranking, similarity-based permission feature selection, and association rule for permission mining. Secondly, the proposed methodology also includes the enhancement of the random forest algorithm to improve the accuracy for malware detection. The experimental outcomes demonstrate high proficiency of the accuracy for malware detection, which is pivotal for android apps aiming for secure data exchange between IoT devices.

scholarly journals PurExt: Automated Extraction of the Purpose-Aware Rule from the Natural Language Privacy Policy in IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lu Yang ◽  
Xingshu Chen ◽  
Yonggang Luo ◽  
Xiao Lan ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Semantic Role Labeling ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Recall Rate ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The extensive data collection performed by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices can put users at risk of data leakage. Consequently, IoT vendors are legally obliged to provide privacy policies to declare the scope and purpose of the data collection. However, complex and lengthy privacy policies are unfriendly to users, and the lack of a machine-readable format makes it difficult to check policy compliance automatically. To solve these problems, we first put forward a purpose-aware rule to formalize the purpose-driven data collection or use statement. Then, a novel approach to identify the rule from natural language privacy policies is proposed. To address the issue of diversity of purpose expression, we present the concepts of explicit and implicit purpose, which enable using the syntactic and semantic analyses to extract purposes in different sentences. Finally, the domain adaption method is applied to the semantic role labeling (SRL) model to improve the efficiency of purpose extraction. The experiments that are conducted on the manually annotated dataset demonstrate that this approach can extract purpose-aware rules from the privacy policies with a high recall rate of 91%. The implicit purpose extraction of the adapted model significantly improves the F1-score by 11%.

scholarly journals Efficient Data Communication Using Distributed Ledger Technology and IOTA-Enabled Internet of Things for a Future Machine-to-Machine Economy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4354
Author(s):  
Mohd Majid Akhtar ◽  
Danish Raza Rizvi ◽  
Mohd Abdul Ahad ◽  
Salil S. Kanhere ◽  
Mohammad Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A potential rise in interest in the Internet of Things in the upcoming years is expected in the fields of healthcare, supply chain, logistics, industries, smart cities, smart homes, cyber physical systems, etc. This paper discloses the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the so-called “distributed ledger technology” (DLT). IoT sensors like temperature sensors, motion sensors, GPS or connected devices convey the activity of the environment. Sensor information acquired by such IoT devices are then stored in a blockchain. Data on a blockchain remains immutable however its scalability still remains a challenging issue and thus represents a hindrance for its mass adoption in the IoT. Here a communication system based on IOTA and DLT is discussed with a systematic architecture for IoT devices and a future machine-to-machine (M2M) economy. The data communication between IoT devices is analyzed using multiple use cases such as sending DHT-11 sensor data to the IOTA tangle. The value communication is analyzed using a novel “micro-payment enabled over the top” (MP-OTT) streaming platform that is based on the “pay-as-you-go” and “consumption based” models to showcase IOTA value transactions. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the classical “masked authenticated message” (MAM) communication protocol and two architectures called dual signature masked authenticated message (DSMAM) and index-based address value transaction (IBAVT). Further, we provided an empirical analysis and discussion of the proposed techniques. The implemented solution provides better address management with secured sharing and communication of IoT data, complete access control over the ownership of data and high scalability in terms of number of transactions that can be handled.

scholarly journals A Practical Approach to Protect IoT Devices against Attacks and Compile Security Incident Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bruno Cruz ◽  
Silvana Gómez-Meire ◽  
David Ruano-Ordás ◽  
Helge Janicke ◽  
Iryna Yevseyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Incident ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) introduced the opportunity of remotely manipulating home appliances (such as heating systems, ovens, blinds, etc.) using computers and mobile devices. This idea fascinated people and originated a boom of IoT devices together with an increasing demand that was difficult to support. Many manufacturers quickly created hundreds of devices implementing functionalities but neglected some critical issues pertaining to device security. This oversight gave rise to the current situation where thousands of devices remain unpatched having many security issues that manufacturers cannot address after the devices have been produced and deployed. This article presents our novel research protecting IOT devices using Berkeley Packet Filters (BPFs) and evaluates our findings with the aid of our Filter.tlk tool, which is able to facilitate the development of BPF expressions that can be executed by GNU/Linux systems with a low impact on network packet throughput.

scholarly journals Leveraging Constrained Devices for Custom Code Execution in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Pisani ◽  
Edson Borin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

With the ever-growing scale of the IoT, transmitting a massive volume of sensor data through the network will be too taxing. However, it will be challenging to include resource-constrained IoT devices as processing nodes in the fog computing hierarchy. To allow the execution of custom code sent by users on these devices, which are too limited for many current tools, we developed a platform called LibMiletusCOISA (LMC). Moreover, we created two models where the user can choose a cost metric (e.g., energy consumption) and then use it to decide whether to execute their code on the cloud or on the device that collected the data. We employed these models to characterize different scenarios and simulate future situations where changes in the technology can impact this decision.

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