Neuronal hypertrophy and mast cells in histologically negative, clinically diagnosed acute appendicitis: a quantitative immunophenotypical analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safeena Amber ◽  
Alka Mary Mathai ◽  
Ramadas Naik ◽  
Muktha R. Pai ◽  
Suneet Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Neuronal Hypertrophy

scholarly journals Enterochromaffin Cells and Mast Cells in Acute Appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Bhavya P. Mohan ◽  
K.P. Aravindan
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Ec Cells

Abstract Background and Objective Serotonin levels are increased in acute appendicitis. We investigated the possible source of this increase. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution and density of epithelial and nonepithelial enterochromaffin (EC) cells as well as numbers of degranulated and nondegranulated mast cells in different layers of normal appendices and acute appendicitis. Methods Sections from 15 cases of acute appendicitis and 10 cases where the appendix was morphologically normal were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Toluidine blue, and immunohistochemically for chromogranin and CD-117. EC cells stained by chromogranin were counted per crypt and extraepithelial EC cells counted and expressed as cells per unit area (mm2). Mast cells stained by Toluidine blue and CD-117 were counted in lamina propria, submucosa, and muscle layers. The difference between Toluidine blue and CD117 stained mast cells was taken to be an estimate of degranulated cells. The cell counts were expressed per unit area (mm2) as well as per cross-sectional area of the appendix. Results There was no statistically significant difference in epithelial and extraepithelial EC cells between acute appendicitis and normal appendix. Estimated mast cell degranulation as indicated by mast cell counts per cross-sectional area is greatly increased in acute appendicitis when compared with normal. Conclusion Degranulated mast cells rather than EC cells may be the main source of raised serotonin in acute appendicitis.

Neuronal Hypertrophy in Acute Appendicitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigang Xiong ◽  
Prem Puri ◽  
Laszlo Nemeth ◽  
D. Sean O'Briain ◽  
Denis J. Reen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Muscularis Externa

Abstract Objective.—The pathogenesis of appendicitis remains poorly understood. However, there is increasing evidence of involvement of the enteric nervous system in immune regulation and in inflammatory responses. This study was set up to characterize the status of the enteric nervous system in normal and in inflamed appendixes. Methods.—S100– and 2′,2′-cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase–positive Schwann cells, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific, enolase-positive nerve fibers and tryptase-positive mast cells were evaluated with immunohistochemical staining in surgically resected appendixes from 20 children with histologically proven acute appendicitis (HA), 10 histologically normal appendixes (HN) from patients with a clinical diagnosis of appendicitis, and 10 normal appendixes from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Immunostained sections were subjected to quantitative image analysis. The number and size of ganglia and the number of nerve fibers, Schwann cells, and mast cells in each tissue compartment was quantitatively or semiquantitatively measured. Results.—Increased numbers of fibers, Schwann cells, and enlarged ganglia, widely distributed in the muscularis externa and submucosa, were seen in all HA appendixes and in 4 of 10 HN appendixes. The number and size of ganglia in muscularis externa and in the submucosa of appendixes with HA were significantly greater compared with those in control appendixes (P < .001). A significantly increased number of individually stained nerve fibers and Schwann cells (P < .05) were present in the muscularis externa in HA appendixes compared with control appendixes. Significantly increased numbers of tryptase-positive mast cells (P < .05) were present in the submucosa, muscularis, and especially in the lamina propria in HA specimens, compared with that of control tissue. Conclusions.—The significant increase in neural components and mast cells in acute appendicitis is unlikely to develop during a single acute inflammatory episode. This suggests an underlying chronic abnormality as a secondary reaction to repeated bouts of inflammation, obstruction, or both. These results challenge our current understanding of the pathophysiological processes that give rise to acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals A Case of Diffuse Neuronal Hypertrophy in Acute Appendicitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Hayato Yamauchi ◽  
Shinji Sakurai ◽  
Ritsuko Tsukagoshi ◽  
Masaki Suzuki ◽  
Yuichi Tabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Neuronal Hypertrophy

Abstract We report a case of neuronal hypertrophy associated with acute appendicitis in which significant neuronal fibers and the number of ganglion cells increased in the absence of inflammatory cells. Differential diagnosis from diffuse ganglioneuromatosis by the pathologic findings of resected specimen was difficult. A 33-year-old Japanese female visited our hospital complaining of acute abdominal pain. The patient underwent appendectomy upon the diagnosis of acute appendicitis on the day of admission. Postoperative examinations found no neoplastic lesions in other organs or inherited disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2b and von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD). The pathologic diagnosis was neuronal hypertrophy of the appendix. Because the clinical outcomes of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis and neuronal hypertrophy of the gastrointestinal tract are quite different, clinical and pathologic examination should be carefully carried out for lesions in which significant proliferation of neuronal components is seen.

scholarly journals Distribution of Mast Cell in Acute Appendicitis and Its Role in Histopathological Diagnosis - A Study in Tertiary Care Centre from South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 1988-1992
Author(s):  
Syamini Chandrasekharapillai Leelamany ◽  
Seena Abdul Vaheed Radhika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
South India ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Cd 117

BACKGROUND Appendicitis is the most common indication for intra-abdominal surgery, especially in adolescents and young adults. In about 15 – 25 % of appendices removed at surgery because of suspected symptoms, histological features of acute appendicitis are absent. The cause of acute abdominal pain in these patients can be due to mast cells which may play a role in pathogenesis of appendicitis-like pain. Demonstration of mast cell in tissue can be done by toluidine blue staining or immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker CD 117. We wanted to evaluate whether the degree of distribution of mast cells has any relation with clinical findings and evaluate its usefulness as a diagnostic marker for histological diagnosis of acute appendicitis. METHODS This is a descriptive study done in 120 cases of appendicectomy specimens from clinically diagnosed cases of acute appendicitis received in a tertiary care center in South India in which 60 where histology positive and others were histology negative. Mast cell distribution in each group was compared using toluidine blue stain and CD 117. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 16. RESULTS Mast cell distribution was significant in all layers of histologically negative acute appendicitis in comparison with histology positive cases. Mucosa has maximum mast cells distribution. CONCLUSIONS Mast cells play an important role in the clinical symptoms of patients even when there were no features of acute inflammation. In those cases, mast cells can be demonstrated by simple toluidine blue staining or IHC markers. This is one of the less studied areas, and the clinicopathological discrepancy can be solved by giving mast cell distribution along with histopathology diagnosis. KEYWORDS Appendicitis, Histologically Negative Acute Appendicitis, Mast Cells, Toluidine Blue, CD 117

Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
R. Courtoy ◽  
L.J. Simar ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Ferric Thiocyanate ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Granule ◽  
Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1596-1597
Author(s):  
Kenichi Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

Mast cell-nerve fiber interaction: Ultrastructural studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
E.Y. Chi ◽  
M.L. Su ◽  
Y.T. Tien ◽  
W.R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Granulocyte Infiltration ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Recent Attention

Recent attention has been directed to the interaction of the nerve and immune systems. The neuropeptide substance P, a tachykinnin which is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems produces tissue swelling, augemntation of intersitial fibrin deposition and leukocyte infiltration after intracutaneous injection. There is a direct correlation reported between the extent of mast cell degranulation at the sites of injection and the tissue swelling or granulocyte infiltration. It has previously been demonstrated that antidromic electrical stimulation of sensory nerves induces degranulation of cutaneous mast cells, cutaneous vasodilation and augmented vascular permeability. Morphological studies have documented a close anatiomical association between mast cells and nonmyelinated nerves, that contain substance P and other neuropeptides. However, the presence of mast cells within nerve fasicles has not been previously examined ultrastructurally. In this study, we examined ultrastructurally the distribution of mast cells in the nerve fiber bundles located in the muscular connective tissue of rat tongues (n=20).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document