Variations in soil potentially toxic metal contaminants along roads of the Sfax region, Tunisia

Background. Mining, waste disposal, and agrochemical residues have contributed to pollution of water and soil with toxic metals in most low- and middle-income countries, raising concerns of ecological safety and public health. This has prompted many studies into the production and utilization of biochars to adsorb toxic metal contaminants from soil and water. Objective. The present study presents a review of biochar properties, the mechanisms of toxic metal adsorption onto biochar, and sorption of toxic metal contaminants in water and soil in small scale applications and laboratory experiments. Methods. A total of 305 articles were collected, and after screening for relevance, a final of 164 articles from both high- and low- and middle-income countries were used in this review paper. Discussion. Biochar for sorption has proven effective and its raw materials are readily available, cost effective, environmentally stable and a good form of waste management. Conclusions. Different techniques of biochar production influence the properties of biochar and adsorption of toxic metals from water and soil. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.k3310 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. k3310 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Rajiv Chowdhury ◽

Anna Ramond ◽

Linda M O’Keeffe ◽

Sara Shahzad ◽

Setor K Kunutsor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Metal Contaminants

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The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065419 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 272-273

Author(s):

Werner J. Niklowitz

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Mossy Fiber ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Hippocampal Tissue ◽

Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

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The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.9.5811 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2006-2009

Author(s):

Marioara Nicula ◽

Nicolae Pacala ◽

Isidora Radulov ◽

Mirela Ahmadi ◽

Dorel Dronca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

High Concentration ◽

Carassius Gibelio ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

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Dose-Related Toxicity of Copper and Cadmium in Striped Bass Larvae from the Chesapeake Bay: Field Considerations

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0187 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (6-7) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David A. Wright

Keyword(s):

Chesapeake Bay ◽

Striped Bass ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Published Data ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Toxic Concentrations ◽

And Control ◽

Spawning Tributaries

Copper and cadmium monitoring in Chesapeake Bay sediments indicates that metal contamination exists in nursery areas for striped bass (Moronesaxatilis), which has been in serious decline over the last 17 years. Whole water metal concentrations in one spawning river were within an order of magnitude of published acutely toxic concentrations. Larval striped bass were exposed in the laboratory to copper and cadmium concentrations which were acutely toxic over a 96h period (24 and 19 µg L−1, respectively), and to sub-lethal concentrations of these metals over a three week period. Larvae from acutely toxic metal treatments, sub-lethal metal concentrations and control tanks were analyzed for cadmium and copper and the frequency distribution of metal body burdens was compared with field data. The distribution of copper concentrations in laboratory-exposed larvae was completely within the range of field specimens, and there was considerable overlap in cadmium frequency distributions from laboratory and field larvae. These results together with other published data suggest that environmental metal concentrations in some spawning tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay may pose a threat to striped bass, and the suggestion is made that greater efforts should be made to link laboratory and field toxicological data.

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Inhibition of Amyloid β Aggregation Using Optimized Nano-Encapsulated Formulations of Plant Extracts with High Metal Chelator Activities

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666191210125851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 681-701

Author(s):

Fatma Kazdal ◽

Fatemeh Bahadori ◽

Burak Celik ◽

Abdulselam Ertas ◽

Gulacti Topcu

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Metal Chelator ◽

Apo E ◽

High Metal ◽

Induced Aggregation

Background: The role of Fe+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 in facilitating aggregation of Amyloid β (Aβ) and consequently, the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established. Objective: Development of non-toxic metal chelators is an emerging era in the treatment of AD, in which complete success has not been fully achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine plant extracts with high metal chelator and to encapsulate them in nano-micellar systems with the ability to pass through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Method: Extracts of 36 different Anatolian plants were prepared, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, and the extracts with high content were examined for their Fe+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 chelating activities. Apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E) decorated nano-formulations of active extracts were prepared using Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) (final product ApoEPLGA) to provide BBB penetrating property. Results: Verbascum flavidum aqueous extract was found as the most active sample, incubation of which, with Aβ before and after metal-induced aggregation, resulted in successful inhibition of aggregate formation, while re-solubilization of pre-formed aggregates was not effectively achieved. The same results were obtained using ApoEPLGA. Conclusion: An optimized metal chelator nano-formulation with BBB penetrating ability was prepared and presented for further in-vivo studies.

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