Justifying the need to prescribe limits for toxic metal contaminants in food-grade silver foils

Background. Mining, waste disposal, and agrochemical residues have contributed to pollution of water and soil with toxic metals in most low- and middle-income countries, raising concerns of ecological safety and public health. This has prompted many studies into the production and utilization of biochars to adsorb toxic metal contaminants from soil and water. Objective. The present study presents a review of biochar properties, the mechanisms of toxic metal adsorption onto biochar, and sorption of toxic metal contaminants in water and soil in small scale applications and laboratory experiments. Methods. A total of 305 articles were collected, and after screening for relevance, a final of 164 articles from both high- and low- and middle-income countries were used in this review paper. Discussion. Biochar for sorption has proven effective and its raw materials are readily available, cost effective, environmentally stable and a good form of waste management. Conclusions. Different techniques of biochar production influence the properties of biochar and adsorption of toxic metals from water and soil. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Download Full-text

Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.k3310 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. k3310 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Rajiv Chowdhury ◽

Anna Ramond ◽

Linda M O’Keeffe ◽

Sara Shahzad ◽

Setor K Kunutsor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Metal Contaminants

Download Full-text

The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065419 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 272-273

Author(s):

Werner J. Niklowitz

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Mossy Fiber ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Hippocampal Tissue ◽

Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

Download Full-text

Aplikasi Pendayagunaan Asam In-Situ pada Kulit Pikel Terbuang untuk Pembuatan Gelatin Pangan

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v9i2.1717 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 187-197

Author(s):

Sugihartono Sugihartono

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Type A ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Final Phase ◽

Acid Base ◽

Salt Hydrate ◽

Food Grade ◽

Hydrolyze Collagen ◽

Waste Acid

Skinswaste at pre-tanning operations can be processed into food grade gelatin. The degradation of collagen using acid, base, or enzymes produced gelatin. Pickle skins is skins that acidified, the results of the final phase of the pre-tanning operations. The addition of salt on the skin makes the skins pickle not swollen, produced a wide space between collagen fibers and collagen can not be degraded. Thereby directly extract pickle skins or waste will not be obtained gelatin.This study discussed the processing of food gelatin type A pickle skins through the utilization of waste acid it contains. The discussion includes the components of animal skins, pre-tanning waste, acidification of skins, processing gelatin and gelatin from skins picklewaste and usefulness for the food industry. Salt hydrate collagen fibers in the skin pickle including waste can be separated by washing, to a certain extent still acidic skins waste. The remaining acid on the skins pickle waste can be utilized to hydrolyze collagen into gelatin. The resulting gelatin is gelatin type A, that can be used for food industry.ABSTRAKKulit limbah pada operasi pra-penyamakan dapat diolah menjadi gelatin pangan. Pemecahan kolagen menggunakan asam, basa, atau enzim dihasilkan gelatin. Kulit pikel merupakan kulit yang diasamkan, hasil dari tahap akhir operasi pra-penyamakan. Penambahan garam pada kulit pikel menjadikan kulit tidak bengkak, menghasilkan ruang lebar diantara serat kolagen dan menjadikan kolagen tidak dapat terdegradasi. Hal ini berarti ekstrak secara langsung kulit pikel atau limbahnya tidak akan diperoleh gelatin. Dalam kajian ini dibahas pengolahan gelatin pangan tipe A dari kulit pikel limbah melalui pendayagunaan asam yang dikandungnya. Bahasan mencakup komponen kulit hewan, limbah pra-penyamakan, pengasaman kulit, pengolahan gelatin, dan pengolahan gelatin dari kulit pikel limbah melalui pendayagunaan asam yang dikandungnya serta kegunaannya untuk industri pangan. Garam yang menghidrasi serat kolagen pada kulit pikel termasuk limbahnya dapat dipisahkan dengan cara pencucian, sampai batas tertentu kulit limbah masih bersifat asam. Asam yang tersisa pada kulit pikel limbah tersebut dapat didayagunakan untuk menghidrolisis kolagen menjadi gelatin. Gelatin yang dihasilkan adalah gelatin tipe A, dapat digunakan untuk keperluan industri pangan. Kata kunci : Kulit pikel limbah, gelatin, pengasaman, pangan.

Download Full-text

Plastics. Recycled plastics. Determination of selected marker compounds in food grade recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

10.3403/30313003u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Food Grade ◽

Recycled Polyethylene ◽

Marker Compounds ◽

Recycled Plastics

Download Full-text

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.9.5811 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2006-2009

Author(s):

Marioara Nicula ◽

Nicolae Pacala ◽

Isidora Radulov ◽

Mirela Ahmadi ◽

Dorel Dronca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

High Concentration ◽

Carassius Gibelio ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

Download Full-text