Dose-Related Toxicity of Copper and Cadmium in Striped Bass Larvae from the Chesapeake Bay: Field Considerations

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spawning Tributaries

Copper and cadmium monitoring in Chesapeake Bay sediments indicates that metal contamination exists in nursery areas for striped bass (Moronesaxatilis), which has been in serious decline over the last 17 years. Whole water metal concentrations in one spawning river were within an order of magnitude of published acutely toxic concentrations. Larval striped bass were exposed in the laboratory to copper and cadmium concentrations which were acutely toxic over a 96h period (24 and 19 µg L−1, respectively), and to sub-lethal concentrations of these metals over a three week period. Larvae from acutely toxic metal treatments, sub-lethal metal concentrations and control tanks were analyzed for cadmium and copper and the frequency distribution of metal body burdens was compared with field data. The distribution of copper concentrations in laboratory-exposed larvae was completely within the range of field specimens, and there was considerable overlap in cadmium frequency distributions from laboratory and field larvae. These results together with other published data suggest that environmental metal concentrations in some spawning tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay may pose a threat to striped bass, and the suggestion is made that greater efforts should be made to link laboratory and field toxicological data.

scholarly journals Association between EFHD2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052093280
Author(s):  
Meng Gao ◽  
Kuo Zeng ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
Yong-ping Liu ◽  
Xi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
And Control

Objective Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The gene encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 ( EFHD2) may be a genetic risk locus for schizophrenia. Methods We genotyped four EFHD2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (281 schizophrenia cases [SCZ], 321 controls) from northern Chinese Han individuals using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences existed in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions between SCZ and control groups. Results The rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls; however, this difference disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Differences in rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions between SCZ and controls were more pronounced in men than in women. The G allele increased schizophrenia risk (odds ratio = 1.807, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–2.803). Among six haplotypes (G–, A–, G-insC, A-C, G-C, and G-T), the G– haplotype frequency distribution differed between SCZ and controls in women; the A-C and G-C haplotype frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls in men. Conclusions EFHD2 may be involved in schizophrenia. Sex differences in EFHD2 genotype and allele frequency distributions existed among schizophrenia patients. Further research is needed to determine the role of EFHD2 in schizophrenia.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF PATIENT RADIATION DOSES DURING RADIONUCLIDE DIAGNOSTIC WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES LABELED WITH 89Zr

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Chipiga ◽  
Anna E. Petrova ◽  
Artem A. Mosunov ◽  
Laura T. Naurzbaeva ◽  
Stanislaus M. Kushnarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Effective Doses

In connection with the constantly increasing use of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 89Zr, in clinical practice, it is urgent to study their pharmacokinetics with the determination, based on the data obtained, of absorbed doses in tumor foci, as well as intact organs and tissues, and effective doses of patients. To date, there are a limited number of studies that provide patient doses for diagnostic examinations using 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to assess the biodistribution of various monoclonal antibodies (ramucirumab, trastuzumab, atezolizumab) labeled with 89Zr, based on published data, with subsequent calculation of absorbed doses in radiosensitive organs and tissues and effective doses of patients. Based on the analysis of experimental data on the biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 89Zr for the diagnosis of oncological diseases from the available literature sources and our own assessments, it has been concluded that the results of the determination of absorbed in organs and tissues and effective doses are inconsistent. The absorbed doses in organs, according to different literature sources, vary up to an order of magnitude within one organ and reach 440 mGy per examination, the effective dose varies from 3 to 112 mSv per examination. This may be due to differences in study design, radiometry and dose assessment methods. Comparison with doses obtained on the basis of a general model of biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies demonstrates the possibility of using this model for a rough estimate of internal doses of patients. However, for a more accurate assessment, it is necessary to standardize approaches to the determination of internal radiation doses using the most effective methodological solutions and software products.

Survival of striped bass larvae and yearlings in relation to contaminants and water quality in the upper chesapeake bay

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenwood W. Hall ◽  
Alfred E. Pinkney ◽  
L. Herman ◽  
Susan E. Finger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Striped Bass

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 Occupational Considerations for Surgeons: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesamaddin Banihashemi ◽  
Ahmadreza Karimi ◽  
Hasti Nikourazm ◽  
Behnaz Bahmanyar ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and its associated disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Coronavirus was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization and was recognized as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Based on the published data, it is hoped to provide a source for later studies and to help prevent and control the contagious COVID-19 and its characteristics, and considerations that surgeons and medical staff must observe during the epidemic.

scholarly journals Holistic Approaches to Reducing Salmonella Contamination in Poultry Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummu Afiqah Abdul-Rahiman ◽  
Noordiana Nordin ◽  
Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib ◽  
Maimunah Sanny
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
And Control

Salmonella are widely found in the poultry industry, which subsequently may pose a risk to animal and human health. The aim of this review is to highlight strategies for the prevention and control of Salmonella at each stage in the poultry production chain by monitoring risks from the farm to the retailer. Among the primary approaches for control of Salmonella at the farm level includes the administration of synthetic and natural compounds to live chickens (vaccination and antibiotic), litter management as well as fortification of feed and acidification of drinking water. In the poultry processing plant, multiple hurdle technology and different chilling conditions to reduce Salmonella were discussed. In the retail level, an effective monitoring program to control Salmonella contamination by good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis and critical control points has been reviewed. Overall, we conclude that these approaches play a role in reducing the dissemination of Salmonella in the poultry industry. However, there is no published data related to logistic scheduling of poultry processing.

scholarly journals Risks and Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Sudan: The Urgent Need for Actions

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed ◽  
Isabelle Dietrich ◽  
A. Desiree LaBeaud ◽  
Steve W. Lindsay ◽  
Ahmed Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
And Control

The risk of emergence and/or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) infections is rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in Africa. The burden of arboviral infections and diseases is not well scrutinized because of the inefficient surveillance systems in endemic countries. Furthermore, the health systems are fully occupied by the burden of other co-existing febrile illnesses, especially malaria. In this review we summarize the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the major human arboviral diseases and highlight the gap in knowledge, research, and control in Sudan. Published data in English up to March 2019 were reviewed and are discussed to identify the risks and challenges for the control of arboviruses in the country. In addition, the lack of suitable diagnostic tools such as viral genome sequencing, and the urgent need for establishing a genomic database of the circulating viruses and potential sources of entry are discussed. Moreover, the research and healthcare gaps and global health threats are analyzed, and suggestions for developing strategic health policy for the prevention and control of arboviruses with focus on building the local diagnostic and research capacity and establishing an early warning surveillance system for the early detection and containment of arboviral epidemics are offered.

scholarly journals Seabed Resuspension in the Chesapeake Bay: Implications for Biogeochemical Cycling and Hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Julia M. Moriarty ◽  
Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs ◽  
Courtney K. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractSediment processes, including resuspension and transport, affect water quality in estuaries by altering light attenuation, primary productivity, and organic matter remineralization, which then influence oxygen and nitrogen dynamics. The relative importance of these processes on oxygen and nitrogen dynamics varies in space and time due to multiple factors and is difficult to measure, however, motivating a modeling approach to quantify how sediment resuspension and transport affect estuarine biogeochemistry. Results from a coupled hydrodynamic–sediment transport–biogeochemical model of the Chesapeake Bay for the summers of 2002 and 2003 showed that resuspension increased light attenuation, especially in the northernmost portion of the Bay, shifting primary production downstream. Resuspension also increased remineralization in the central Bay, which experienced larger organic matter concentrations due to the downstream shift in primary productivity and estuarine circulation. As a result, oxygen decreased and ammonium increased throughout the Bay in the bottom portion of the water column, due to reduced photosynthesis in the northernmost portion of the Bay and increased remineralization in the central Bay. Averaged over the channel, resuspension decreased oxygen by ~ 25% and increased ammonium by ~ 50% for the bottom water column. Changes due to resuspension were of the same order of magnitude as, and generally exceeded, short-term variations within individual summers, as well as interannual variability between 2002 and 2003, which were wet and dry years, respectively. Our results quantify the degree to which sediment resuspension and transport affect biogeochemistry, and provide insight into how coastal systems may respond to management efforts and environmental changes.

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