scholarly journals The evolution of the Nile regulatory regime: a history of cooperation and conflict

Water History ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tayia ◽  
Antonio Ramos Barrado ◽  
Fernando Alonso Guinea
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractThe objective of this study is to trace the historical evolution of the present Nile Basin regulatory framework and examine its influence on the current interactions among Nile riparian states. This research adopts a case-study design, with in-depth qualitative analysis of the Nile Basin as an example of the complex transboundary relations over shared waters. It uses an analytical framework derived from the New Institutional Economics (NIE) to analyse the evolution of the institutional framework that has governed the Nile basin and how it affected the annual water share allocated to each riparian country. The study argues that the historical beliefs and social norms of the riparian societies have been among the major factors that influenced the cooperation attempts during the past century and determined their outcomes. Therefore, a prerequisite to develop sustainable cooperation is levelling the playing field by addressing the beliefs and norms that have prevented cooperation while identifying the beliefs that can support cooperation.

Political Settlements and Economic Transformation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Gray
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
The Core ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Settlement

This chapter sets out the analytical framework of political settlements and elaborates the framework to account for the socialist experiences of Tanzania and Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s. A political settlement, as defined by Mushtaq Khan, is a combination of power and institutions that is mutually compatible and also sustainable in terms of economic and political viability. The chapter clarifies the core building blocks of the approach and sets out the main differences between political settlements and new institutional economics. The chapter then defines a socialist political settlement where productive rights are formally held by the collective and formal institutions protect common and collectively owned assets. The attempts to construct a socialist political settlement left important institutional, political, and economic legacies. These shaped incentives and constraints which influenced a number of critical processes at the heart of economic development—related to technological learning, accumulation for investment, and political stabilization.

scholarly journals China and the global search for health security: history, vaccines, and governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daojiong Zha
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Global Search ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
History Of

AbstractChina is a key player, not just an actor, in the global search for health security. Reiteration of this point is useful for International Relations studies, which often portray China as a factor to contend with, especially given the background of the country as the first to report the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper adopts an analytical framework developed through a summary of routines in Chinese engagement in global health from a practitioner’s perspective: aid, interdependence, governance and knowledge. These are the core elements in a country’s pursuit of engagement with the rest of the world. After the introduction, the second section of the paper reviews contributions from China in the history of global plague control over the past century. The third section discusses structural issues affecting access to vaccines, which are essential for bringing COVID-19 under effective control. The fourth section identifies a number of challenges China is facing in global health governance. The final section offers a few concluding thoughts, reiterating the nature of interdependence in the global search for enhancement of health security.

scholarly journals Institutional Economics: Then and Now

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
History Of

This article gives a history of American institutionalism, and a brief comparison with the more recent “new” institutional economics. Institutionalism was a significant element in American economics between the Wars, but declined rapidly thereafter. The article outlines the movement's initial appeal, its contributions, and the reasons for its decline. Although the “new” institutionalism has few direct ties to the older tradition, some interesting commonalities are found and discussed. Links to the “new institutionalism” in sociology and political science, and to historical work on other “institutional” traditions are also mentioned.

scholarly journals The Rule of Law and Its Social Reception as Determinants of Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis of Germany and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Głowacki ◽  
Christopher Andrew Hartwell ◽  
Kateryna Karunska ◽  
Jacek Kurczewski ◽  
Elisabeth Botsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The rule of law is not just a necessary condition for a modern liberal society but also an important prerequisite for a stable, effective and sustainable market economy. However, relevant legal norms may be more or less successful depending on their social reception within a particular country. This study explores the connection between the rule of law, especially in terms of how it is viewed socially, and the functioning of market economy in the examples of two geographically contiguous yet often-diverging countries, namely Germany and Poland. We utilise two approaches to examine this issue, first studying societal perceptions of the various dimensions of the rule of law by way of standardized surveys and in-depth interviews conducted in both countries to determine the de facto state of the rule of law in the economic context. Secondly, we measure the effect of the de jure and de facto rule of law on economic outcomes using a multivariate panel analysis. Combining new institutional economics and sociology of law, our analysis finds that Polish firms perceive the rule of law and its execution by the state in a restrictive perspective, contributing to insecurity. German interviewees, however, showcase the supportive and transaction cost-reducing properties of the rule of law, displaying higher trust in the state. These findings are supported by an econometric analysis of the drivers of rule of law in both Poland and Germany, which shows the importance of rule of law in terms of a level playing field contributing to higher levels of investment.

scholarly journals Suchard and the Emergence of Traveling Salesmen in Switzerland, 1860–1920

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rossfeld
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Critical Link

Based on theoretical findings of the new institutional economics, this examination of the history of the Swiss chocolate company Suchard (founded in 1826) and the Verband Reisender Kaufleute der Schweiz (Association of Swiss Commercial Travelers) describes the economic significance, social image, and everyday life of traveling salesmen between 1860 and 1920. By 1900, commercial travelers formed a critical link between the enterprise and the market, helping to drive the vertical integration of production and distribution. They enjoyed high standing within the company, and many were promoted to executive levels. Traveling salesmen were largely responsible for procuring information and expanding product sales in an era that preceded specialized market research and the domination of advertising companies.

Standard-setting activities and new institutional economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMELLE MAZÉ
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
International Level ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Market Infrastructure

AbstractFrom a New Institutional Economics (NIE) perspective, standards are acknowledged to play a central role in building efficient market infrastructure by defining what is exchanged and reducing the level of transaction and measurement costs. Nevertheless, only a few prior NIE studies have considered standard-setting activities as coordination and governance issuesper se. This article aims to fill this gap by adapting and extending the classical Williamsonian analytical framework to the governance of standard-setting institutions. This analysis is substantiated by empirical data on global private standards in the agricultural sector. Our results highlight the importance of standard selection and the limits to current harmonisation as regards institutional failure to define alternative multilateral governance mechanisms at the international level.

scholarly journals History of the institutionalist paradigm: main stages and characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (52) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Ostap Salovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The article deals with a retrospective and prospective analysis of the economic thought development within the institutionalist approach. The purpose of the research is to conduct a theoretical and methodological investigation of the history of institutionalism from its origin to the present, identify the main components of the institutionalist paradigm and pinpoint directions of its further research. The author highlights socio-economic conditions for the appearance and growth of institutionalism. The paper also features main scientific and methodological achievements of old institutionalists, namely, T. Veblen, J. Commons, and V. Mitchell. In addition, it substantiates the composition and evolution stages of the institutionalist paradigm. In the subsequent sections, the article provides a brief overview of the institutionalist theories of capitalism and industrial transformation in the 1930s–1980s. Moreover, the peculiarities of scientific concepts of the new institutional economics are revealed, in particular, the findings by R. Coase, A. Alchian, G. Demsetz, O. Williamson, J. Buchanan, D. North. The study refutes the disappearance of interest in the old institutionalism of Veblen, Commons, and Mitchell after the 1930s and emphasizes the peculiarities of its development, revival, and coexistence with new institutional economics in the 1980s–2000s. The article also focuses on the methodology and theoretical concepts of the new wing of old institutionalism, namely, of W. Samuels, J.R. Stanfield, W. Dugger, and G. Hodgson. In addition, it also outlines the post-nonclassical nature, heterogeneity, stability, and adaptability of the institutionalist paradigm. A number of common features and clear criteria for attributing the theories to the paradigm were identified. The theoretical and methodological interests of the institutionalist research in the 21st century are presented, in particular, as to the differences in economic development of countries, quality of legal norms, correlation of institutions and culture, peculiarities of elections and political institutions, relationships of individuals and groups, social capital issues, etc. The results of this study are important for a proper understanding of the fundamentality of the institutionalist approach, as well as for the correct interpretation of particular theories or methodological considerations.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The book makes three main interventions. First is the use of Jewish economic history to understand both the development of Jewish society and its relations with the surrounding world. The methodology of New institutional economics, emphasizing the connection between economic and cultural factors, is employed. Second is the study of the Jews’ economic roles in the specific context of magnate estates in eighteenth-century Poland-Lithuania. In this late feudal setting, Jews achieved enormous financial success, which they translated into improved social status and even power. This process is at the heart of the analysis here. Third is the history of the Radziwiłł family and its estates in Lithuania. From a low point at the beginning of the period, the family reached the pinnacle of its power at the end. This rise was based on increased estate incomes, the importance for which of Jewish economic activity is examined here.

The Private Credit Market, the Bibliotheke Enkteseon, and Public Services in Roman Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 629-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lerouxel
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Positive Effect

This article examines the history of the private credit market in Roman Egypt between 30 BCE and approximately 170 CE. After examining how the notion of the market and the New Institutional Economics are employed with regard to ancient economic history, it explains the positive effect that systems of drafting and registering contracts had on the private credit market and, in particular, the role of the bibliotheke enkteseon, created by the Roman administration between 68 and 72. The article concludes with an explanation of how this institution was created by analyzing the interaction between the private credit market and the way public services were financed in the Roman world.

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