scholarly journals Metacognitive Development and Conceptual Change in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-763
Author(s):  
Joulia Smortchkova ◽  
Nicholas Shea

AbstractThere has been little investigation to date of the way metacognition is involved in conceptual change. It has been recognised that analytic metacognition is important to the way older children (c. 8–12 years) acquire more sophisticated scientific and mathematical concepts at school. But there has been barely any examination of the role of metacognition in earlier stages of concept acquisition, at the ages that have been the major focus of the developmental psychology of concepts. The growing evidence that even young children have a capacity for procedural metacognition raises the question of whether and how these abilities are involved in conceptual development. More specifically, are there developmental changes in metacognitive abilities that have a wholescale effect on the way children acquire new concepts and replace existing concepts? We show that there is already evidence of at least one plausible example of such a link and argue that these connections deserve to be investigated systematically.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Annika Åkerblom ◽  
Krtistina Thorshag

The study described in this paper concerns science education in preschool, more specifically how young children in preschool settings invent, develop and explore science and scientific concepts in problem-solving and communicative situations. The aim of the paper is to discuss young children´s concept creation and draw conclusions for early science education. The method used was a secondary analysis of empirical material drawn from three previous studies carried out by the authors. Examples of preschool children’s use of language were extracted and was, for the purpose of this study, analyzed with a new focus on children’s use of concepts. The re-analysis draws from Vygotsky’s theoretical framework on children’s conceptual development and appropriation of new concepts (Vygotsky, 1934/1999; Åkerblom 2011) and from the later Wittgenstein (1986) on the role of language meaning in understanding. The findings underline the importance of allowing preschool children to invent, develop and explore science and technology concepts, as well as implications for preschool teachers to create dialogic spaces for the children to do so. The limitations of the study are however that it is based on a limited number of examples and even though it can give implications and point out directions, is not conclusive and should be followed by further research.


2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 297-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Nichols ◽  
Stephen Stich

The idea that we have special access to our own mental states has a distinguished philosophical history. Philosophers as different as Descartes and Locke agreed that we know our own minds in a way that is quite different from the way in which we know other minds. In the latter half of the twentieth century, however, this idea carne under serious attack, first from philosophy (Sellars 1956) and more recently from developmental psychology. The attack from developmental psychology arises from the growing body of work on “mindreading,” the process of attributing mental states to people (and other organisms). During the last fifteen years, the processes underlying rnindreading have been a major focus of attention in cognitive and developmental psychology. Most of this work has been concerned with the processes underlying the attribution of mental states toother people.However, a number of psychologists and philosophers have also proposed accounts of the mechanisms underlying the attribution of mental states tooneself.This process ofreading one's own mindorbecoming self-awarewill be our primary concern in this paper.


Author(s):  
Randy K. Lippert ◽  
Kevin Walby

This concluding chapter identifies seven subthemes, derived from exploring policing and security frontiers, for future research and for criminology as a field of study. These include nuisance, aesthetics, public policy relations, the role of law, moving resources, oversight, and contestation. The chapter then advocates the adoption of this book's themes for future research and thinking in criminology and suggests that greater attention be paid to forms of policing and security neglected due to methodological myopia and stagnation as well as to fixed disciplinary boundaries. If policing and security provision can usefully be conceived in terms of frontiers, then so too can criminological inquiry. Indeed, criminologists can open doors to new concepts, venture beyond disciplinary boundaries, and avoid methodological pitfalls on the way to discerning what is happening on these frontiers, discovering and advocating what forms of security, politics, and life are possible.


2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Korom

A pedagógiai és a pszichológiai kutatások egyik érdekes találkozási pontja az 1980-as évek elején kibontakozó, a fogalmak tanulásával, az ismeretelsajátítás folyamataival foglalkozó, a szakirodalomban "fogalmi váltás"-ként (conceptual change) ismert kutatási irány. E kutatási területen összefonódnak az oktatás gyakorlatával, elsősorban a természettudományok tanításával foglalkozó vizsgálatok és a kognitív fejlődéslélektani megközelítések. Mindkét irány kiindulópontja az a tanulásszemlélet, amely a tanulás aktív jellegét hangsúlyozza. A tanuló az előzetes ismeretei alapján értelmezi az új információt, konstruálja meg tudását. A fogalmi váltás kutatások oktatáshoz szorosabban kötődő ága a tanulást értelmezi fogalmi váltásként, amely során azokat a tanulói fogalmakat, amelyek nem felelnek meg a tudományos nézeteknek, le kell cserélni a tudományos fogalmakra. A kognitív fejlődéspszichológiában gyökerező fogalmi váltás vizsgálatok viszont arra keresik a választ, hogy mi történik a régi és az új ismeretek kölcsönhatásakor, milyen változások, váltások mennek végbe a fogalmi rendszerben, és hogyan lehet elősegíteni az új információk megértését. E tanulmány célja, hogy (1) áttekintse a fogalmi váltás kutatások két évtizedének legfontosabb tendenciáit((2) bemutassa a legjelentősebb empirikus munkákat és a belőlük kiinduló elméleteket((3) felhívja a figyelmet a még megválaszolandó kérdésekre(és (4) érzékeltesse a fogalmi váltás kutatások lehetséges jövőbeni irányait. E kutatási terület eredményei számos információval szolgálnak a tanulók fogalmi fejlődésének megértéséhez, továbbá felhívják a figyelmet néhány pedagógiai következményre is. Kiemelik azt, hogy az oktatás során az eddigieknél sokkal nagyobb figyelmet kell fordítani a tanulók előzetes ismereteire, meggyőződéseire, naiv elméleteire, valamint a tudatos fogalomtanításra és fogalomtanulásra.One of the intriguing meeting points of educational and psychological research is the area known in the literature as 'conceptual change', which emerged in the early 1980s and has studied the processes of concept learning and knowledge acquisition. In this research area the practice of education is intertwined with cognitive developmental psychological approaches and research especially on science education. Behind both directions lies the assumption that learning is an active process in which students interpret new information and construct their knowledge on the basis of their prior knowledge. That branch of conceptual change research which is closely linked to education sees the learning process as a conceptual change during which students' existing concepts should be substituted with scientific ones. Conceptual change research rooted in cognitive developmental psychology, however, studies the interactions between old and new knowledge, the changes in the conceptual system and tries to find ways to facilitate students' understanding of scientific information. The aims of the paper are (1) to survey the most significant tendencies of conceptual change research of the last two decades; (2) to present the most important empirical works and theories built upon them; (3) to highlight the yet unanswered questions; (4) to indicate the possible future directions in conceptual change research. The results of this research area yield a great deal of information for the understanding of students' conceptual development and call attention to certain educational consequences: e.g. much more attention should be paid to students' prior knowledge, beliefs, and naive theories in the course of instruction, as well as to conscious concept teaching and learning.


2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.


2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.


1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
William R. Charlesworth

Author(s):  
Linda MEIJER-WASSENAAR ◽  
Diny VAN EST

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.


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