scholarly journals Phytohormone release by three isolated lichen mycobionts and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid on their compatible photobionts

Symbiosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Gregor Pichler ◽  
Wolfgang Stöggl ◽  
Daniela Trippel ◽  
Fabio Candotto Carniel ◽  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Lichen Thallus ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Signalling Compounds ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Contents

AbstractEvidence is emerging that phytohormones represent key inter-kingdom signalling compounds supporting chemical communication between plants, fungi and bacteria. The roles of phytohormones for the lichen symbiosis are poorly understood, particularly in the process of lichenization, i.e. the key events which lead free-living microalgae and fungi to recognize each other, make physical contact and start developing a lichen thallus. Here, we studied cellular and extracellularly released phytohormones in three lichen mycobionts, Cladonia grayi, Xanthoria parietina and Tephromela atra, grown on solid medium, and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their respective photobionts, Asterochloris glomerata, Trebouxia decolorans, Trebouxia sp. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) we found that mycobionts produced IAA, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). IAA represented the most abundant phytohormone produced and released by all mycobionts, whereas SA was released by X. parietina and T. atra, and JA was released by C. grayi only. With a half-life of 5.2 days, IAA degraded exponentially in solid BBM in dim light. When IAA was exogenously offered to the mycobionts’ compatible photobionts at “physiological” concentrations (as released by their respective mycobionts and accumulated in the medium over seven days), the photobionts’ water contents increased up to 4.4%. Treatment with IAA had no effects on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, dry mass, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and α-tocopherol of the photobionts. The data presented may be useful for designing studies aimed at elucidating the roles of phytohormones in lichens.

scholarly journals Identification of New Metabolites of Bacterial Transformation of Indole by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Hanhong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Arthrobactersp. SPG transformed indole completely in the presence of an additional carbon source. High performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde as biotransformation products. This is the first report of the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde from indole by any bacterium.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria on Pear Trees and Their Association with Fruit Russet

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
Caroline Desurmont ◽  
Rachel Elkins ◽  
Glenn McGourty ◽  
Ellen Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

A relatively high percentage of epiphytic bacteria on pear leaf and fruit surfaces had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in culture media supplemented with tryptophan. While over 50% of the strains produced at least small amounts of IAA in culture, about 25% of the strains exhibited high IAA production as evidenced by both colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of culture supernatants. A majority of the strains that produced high amounts of IAA were identified as Erwinia herbicola (Pantoea agglomerans), while some strains of Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and Rahnella aquaticus that produced high amounts of IAA also were found on pear. Fruit russeting was significantly increased in 39 out of 46 trials over an 8-year period in which IAA-producing bacteria were applied to trees compared with control trees. A linear relationship was observed between fruit russet severity and the logarithm of the population size of different IAA-producing bacteria on trees in the 30 days after inoculation, when normalized for the amount of IAA produced by each strain in culture. On average, the severity of fruit russet was only about 77% that on control trees when trees were treated at the time of bloom with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506, which does not produce IAA. Both total bacterial populations on pear in the 30-day period following full bloom and fruit russet severity varied greatly from year to year and in different commercial orchards over a 10-year period. There was a strong linear correlation between the logarithm of total bacterial population sizes and fruit russet severity.

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