scholarly journals Bioassessment of Mandakini River with the help of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the vicinity of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Rawat ◽  
Gunjan Gulati ◽  
Rajat Maithani ◽  
S. Sathyakumar ◽  
V. P. Uniyal
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Sampling Season ◽  
Disturbed Site

AbstractIncreasing advancement in development activities in the Indian Himalayan region in tandem with changing climate is influencing the ecological patterns of rivers. Thus, the present study investigates the effect of various degrees of anthropogenic stresses and possible implication of thermal dynamics of river water on the macroinvertebrate community in the Mandakini River, which flows in the vicinity of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. The main objective was to study the community structure of macroinvertebrates in the Mandakini River and to calculate the effect of anthropogenic stresses on the macroinvertebrate community, particularly on Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. The study was carried out in 10 spatially located sampling stations, and the frequency of sampling was divided into pre- and post-monsoon season (May and November 2017). Based on the degree of anthropogenic stresses, sampling locations were divided into least (Sonprayag), medium (Ukhimath), and high disturbed (Rudraprayag) sites. A total of 3257 individuals belonging to 7 orders and 21 families were found in both the sampling season. Diptera and Trichoptera were dominant orders in both the seasons, whereas Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), Hydropsychidae, Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) and Chironomidae (Diptera) were dominant families. Shannon diversity index varies from 2.048 to 2.25 in the least disturbed site (Sonprayag), 0.186–2.446 in medium disturbance (Ukhimath), and 1.362–2.271 in the highly disturbed site (Rudraprayag) in both the sampling season. Quantification of the EPT index shows a negative trend with an increase in anthropogenic stress, and it was least in Rudraprayag as compared to the other two sites. Result of one-way ANOVA shows a significant difference in diversity between pre- and post-monsoon season (p < 0.05). Analyzing the research gaps, it is recommended to have long-term ecological monitoring of high altitude and glacier-fed rivers and streams to obtain robust information regarding the dynamics of the riverine ecosystem in Garhwal Himalayas.

scholarly journals Modulation of environmental conditions on the significant difference in the super cyclone formation rate during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons over the Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yuhuan Xue ◽  
Yue Fang ◽  
Kuiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Upper Level

AbstractUnlike other tropical ocean basins, the Bay of Bengal (BoB) has two tropical cyclone (TC) seasons: a pre-monsoon season (Pre-MS) and a post-monsoon season (Post-MS). More interestingly, during the period from 1981 to 2016, the global maximum and minimum formation rates of super cyclones (SCs, categories 4 and 5) occurred in the Pre-MS and Post-MS, respectively, in the BoB. Methods including Butterworth filter, box difference index analysis and quantitative diagnosis were utilized herein to detect what and how background environmental factors cause significantly different SC formation rates between the Pre- and Post-MS. Diagnosis results revealed that the vertical temperature difference (VTD) mainly determines whether TCs can develop into SCs during the Post-MS, similar to Pre-MS. It’s in agreement with previous studies demonstrating that the VTD is controlled by the low-level temperature during the Post-MS but is determined by the upper-level temperature during the Pre-MS. The results also revealed that the background sea surface temperature is much higher in the Pre-MS than in the Post-MS and forces higher 1000 hPa-level air temperature. Additionally, there is higher saturated specific humidity (qs) due to the higher temperature in the Pre-MS. The differences in the bottom-level temperature and qs cooperate to predominantly contribute to the significant difference in Vpot2, which could denote the maximum potential intensity of TC, eventually leading to the remarkably different SC formation rates between the Pre- and Post-MS in the BoB.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonality of polypore fungi in the moist deciduous forests of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 9434
Author(s):  
A. Muhammed Iqbal ◽  
Kattany Vidyasagaran ◽  
P. Narayan Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Polypore Fungi ◽  
Daedalea Flavida

The objective of present study was to understand the diversity, distribution and seasonality of polypore fungi in the moist deciduous forests of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary in three different seasons.  Results obtained showed that density and frequency of occurrence have been varied significantly during different seasons and the community structure and species composition during monsoon and post monsoon seasons were distinct from pre-monsoon season.  Fomitopsis feei with higher abundance values dominated the moist deciduous forests during monsoon season (17.72) and post-monsoon season (13.79).  During pre-monsoon season, Daedalea flavida was the dominant species with abundance value of 10.93.  The above fungi were predominant during all the seasons due to their high ecological amplitude.  Fungal diversity analysis showed that species richness was higher during monsoon season and revealed the influence of seasonal variation on fungal diversity.  The high species similarity was observed between monsoon and post monsoon season compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Seasonal Variability in Soil Nutrients and Its Impact on Soil Quality under Different Land Use Systems of Lower Shiwalik Foothills of Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Tavjot Kaur ◽  
Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of five land use systems (LUSs), i.e., wheat–rice (Triticum aestivum—Oryza sativa) system, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), orange (Citrus sinensis) orchard, safeda (Eucalyptus globules) forest, and grassland, on soil quality and nutrient status in the lower Satluj basin of the Shiwalik foothills Himalaya, India. Samples were analyzed for assessment of physico-chemical properties at four soil depths, viz., 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm. A total of 120 soil samples were collected in both the seasons. Soil texture was found to be sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature. The relative trend of soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micro-nutrient content for the five LUSs was forest > orchard > grassland > wheat–rice > sugarcane, in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. SOC was highly correlated with macronutrients and micronutrients, whereas SOC was negatively correlated with soil pH (r = −0.818). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) had a significantly higher content of SOC, and macro- and micro-nutrients compared to the sub-surface soil layers, due to the presence of more organic content in the soil surface layer. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied to assess significant difference (p < 0.05) among the five LUSs at four soil depths in both the seasons. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified that SOC and electrical conductivity (EC) were the most contributing soil indicators among the different land use systems, and that the post-monsoon season had better soil quality compared to the pre-monsoon season. These indicators helped in the assessment of soil health and fertility, and to monitor degraded agroecosystems for future soil conservation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

A Study on Prevalence and Seasonal Distribution of Dengue at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Neha K Mani
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Male Preponderance

Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a major public health issue prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries all over the world mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. WHO estimates about 50-100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and seasonal distribution of dengue disease during three consecutive years from 2016-2018 at a tertiary care centre of North India. Method: This is an observational retrospective study conducted on total 6,481 clinical suspected cases referred from indoor and outdoor departments of Medicine and Pediatrics of one of the medical colleges of Agra during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Results: The maximum positivity was recorded in the year 2016 (16.66%), followed by 2017 (14.07%) and 2018(13.56%).Our study shows male preponderance with maximum cases in the year 2018 was recorded in the month of October (22.75%) whereas the lowest in the month of May (1.96%). Most of the cases were in the age group 0-30 years with a male preponderance. The outbreak occurred during the months of August to November indicating vector transmission in the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Conclusion: From the analysis, this study reflects that the numbers of dengue cases in 2016 were maximum and outnumbered the dengue cases among three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. The peak in dengue positivity was observed during September to October. As this disease affects the population in the monsoon and post monsoon months therefore continuous monitoring of dengue infection is important during the post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals Seasonal Nature and Trends of Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Intensity over the North Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534
Author(s):  
Abhisek Pal ◽  
Soumendu Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Cyclone Frequency

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region showed significant amount of both spatial and temporal variability.It was observed that the TC genesis was significantly suppressed during the monsoon (June-September) compared to pre-monsoon (March-May) and post-monsoon (October-December) season specifically in terms of severe cyclonic storms (SCS) frequency. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) was characterized by higher TC frequency but lower intensity compared to the Arabian Sea (AS). It was also observed that the TC genesis locations were shifted significantly seasonally.The movement of the TCs also portrayed some significant seasonal differences. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season was responsible for generating TCs with higher values of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) compared to the monsoon. The time series of TC frequency showed a statistically significant decreasing trend whereas the time series of ACE showed astatistically significant increasing trend over the NIO.

scholarly journals Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Kole Wetlands, central Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 17963-17971
Author(s):  
A. Vivek Chandran ◽  
Subin K. Jose ◽  
Sujith V. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A year-long study was conducted at the Kole Wetlands, a Ramsar site in central Kerala to document the diversity of dragonflies and damselflies and understand their seasonality.  Checklist survey method was used to sample adult odonates in 30 randomly chosen locations.  A total of 44 species (30 dragonflies and 14 damselflies) belonging to 33 genera and eight families were recorded in the study area.  Species richness showed a peak in the post-monsoon season and a dip in the summer.  The observations support the value of the Kole Wetlands in providing valuable resources for Odonata.

Irrigation Effects on Roots and Shoots of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
G. R. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Irrigation Effects

SUMMARYIrrigated and unirrigated crops of pearl millet were grown in Hyderabad, India, during the post-monsoon season of 1977. Irrigation increased both the dry weight of roots and the number of root axes, but because the additional axes were thick and unbranched the total length of roots was unaffected. However, irrigation did cause more of the root length to be in the top 20 cm of soil. Yield of the irrigated crop was higher than that of the dry crop, mainly because more tillers survived to produce grain. Grain growth of the dry crop occurred when the net growth of the crop was zero, probably because of movement of assimilate from stems to panicles. Possible strategies for improving yields are examined in the light of the growth data.

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