scholarly journals Lost in recessions: youth employment and earnings in Spain

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bentolila ◽  
Florentino Felgueroso ◽  
Marcel Jansen ◽  
Juan F. Jimeno

AbstractYoung workers in Spain face the unprecedented impact of the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis in short sequence. Moreover, they have also experienced a deterioration in their employment and earnings over the last three decades. In this paper, we document this evolution and adopt a longitudinal approach to show that employment and earnings losses suffered by young workers during recessions are not made up in the subsequent expansions. We also estimate the size of the scarring effects of entering the job market in a recession for college-educated workers during their first decade in the labor market. Our empirical estimates indicate that while there is some evidence of scarring effects, the driving force is a trend worsening of youth labor market outcomes.

Author(s):  
Arne L. Kalleberg

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.


2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 71-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Chakravarty ◽  
Mattias Lundberg ◽  
Plamen Nikolov ◽  
Juliane Zenker

Author(s):  
Arnaldo Mont’Alvao ◽  
Carlos Costa Ribeiro

The article examines young people’s labor market prospects in Brazil during the most recent economic recession (2014–2017). We draw on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua), between 2012 and 2017, to estimate both average labor market indicators over time and proportional hazard models of unemployment and underemployment. We find that youths’ labor market prospects declined considerably over the period, and, as in many countries during economic downturns, young people were more affected than adults. The analysis shows that gender, race, and education impact the hazards of unemployment and underemployment among young Brazilians. Kaplan-Meier curves show that differences between white and African Brazilian youth, as well as between college-educated youth and high school graduates (or less), increased between 2016 and 2017, when economic activity was at its worst level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Sloane ◽  
Erik G. Hurst ◽  
Dan A. Black

The paper assesses gender differences in pre-labor market specialization among the college-educated and highlights how those differences have evolved over time. Women choose majors with lower potential earnings (based on male wages associated with those majors) and subsequently sort into occupations with lower potential earnings given their major choice. These differences have narrowed over time, but recent cohorts of women still choose majors and occupations with lower potential earnings. Differences in undergraduate major choice explain a substantive portion of gender wage gaps for the college-educated above and beyond simply controlling for occupation. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of understanding gender differences in the mapping between college major and occupational sorting when studying the evolution of gender differences in labor market outcomes over time.


2018 ◽  
pp. 195-236
Author(s):  
Vladislav Flek ◽  
Martin Hála ◽  
Martina Mysíková

This chapter analyzes youth labor market dynamics, their structure, and their policy implications, focusing on selected European Union countries during the various stages of the Great Recession and comparing flows between labor market statuses for young people (aged 16–34 years) with those for prime-age individuals (aged 35–54 years). The flow approach views labor market transitions as a state-dependent process, simultaneously involving all movements of individuals between employment, unemployment, and inactivity. The main result is that young workers are more likely to move between employment and unemployment in both directions. This is instructive for assessing the gap in the labor market prospects of the two age groups and particularly for understanding differences in the evolution of youth and prime-age unemployment rates. The socioeconomic determinants of transitions between employment and unemployment in both directions are estimated, with the aim of illustrating the depth of age-based labor market segmentation and marginalization.


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