Youth Labor Market Prospects in Times of Economic Recession in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Mont’Alvao ◽  
Carlos Costa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Youth Labor Market ◽  
Race And Education ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
College Educated

The article examines young people’s labor market prospects in Brazil during the most recent economic recession (2014–2017). We draw on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua), between 2012 and 2017, to estimate both average labor market indicators over time and proportional hazard models of unemployment and underemployment. We find that youths’ labor market prospects declined considerably over the period, and, as in many countries during economic downturns, young people were more affected than adults. The analysis shows that gender, race, and education impact the hazards of unemployment and underemployment among young Brazilians. Kaplan-Meier curves show that differences between white and African Brazilian youth, as well as between college-educated youth and high school graduates (or less), increased between 2016 and 2017, when economic activity was at its worst level.

scholarly journals Lost in recessions: youth employment and earnings in Spain

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bentolila ◽  
Florentino Felgueroso ◽  
Marcel Jansen ◽  
Juan F. Jimeno
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Earnings Losses ◽  
Youth Labor Market ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Scarring Effects

AbstractYoung workers in Spain face the unprecedented impact of the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis in short sequence. Moreover, they have also experienced a deterioration in their employment and earnings over the last three decades. In this paper, we document this evolution and adopt a longitudinal approach to show that employment and earnings losses suffered by young workers during recessions are not made up in the subsequent expansions. We also estimate the size of the scarring effects of entering the job market in a recession for college-educated workers during their first decade in the labor market. Our empirical estimates indicate that while there is some evidence of scarring effects, the driving force is a trend worsening of youth labor market outcomes.

scholarly journals LAMB1 Is Related to the T Stage and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110049
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
ZhiJi Chen ◽  
LiWen Zhao ◽  
Wei Ran ◽  
JinYu Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Background and Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Laminin is an indispensable component of basement membrane and extracellular matrix, which is responsible for bridging the internal and external environment of cells and transmitting signals. This study mainly explored the association of the LAMB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer. Methods: The expression data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). And we analyzed the relationship between LAMB1 expression and clinical characteristics through R. CIBERSORTx was used to calculate the absolute score of immune cells in gastric tumor tissues. Then COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to evaluate the role of LAMB1 and its influence on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, GO and KEGG analysis were applied for LAMB1-related genes in gastric cancer, and PPI network was constructed in Cytoscape software. Results: In the TCGA cohort, patients with gastric cancer frequently generated LAMB1 gene copy number variation, but had little effect on mRNA expression. Both in the TCGA and ACRG cohorts, the mRNA expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than it in normal tissues. All patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group according to the median expression level of LAMB1. The elevated expression group obviously had more advanced cases and higher infiltration levels of M2 macrophages. COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with enhanced expression of LAMB1 have a worse prognosis. GO/KEGG analysis showed that LAMB1-related genes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, etc. Conclusions: The high expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer is related to the poor prognosis of patients, and it may be related to microenvironmental changes in tumors.

scholarly journals The temporal relationship between cancer and adult onset anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 antibody–positive dermatomyositis

Rheumatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Oldroyd ◽  
Jamie C Sergeant ◽  
Paul New ◽  
Neil J McHugh ◽  
Zoe Betteridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Associated Malignancy ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Screening Approaches

Abstract Objectives To characterize the 10 year relationship between anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 antibody (anti-TIF1-Ab) positivity and cancer onset in a large UK-based adult DM cohort. Methods Data from anti-TIF1-Ab-positive/-negative adults with verified diagnoses of DM from the UK Myositis Network register were analysed. Each patient was followed up until they developed cancer. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard modelling were employed to estimate the cumulative cancer incidence. Results Data from 263 DM cases were analysed, with a total of 3252 person-years and a median 11 years of follow-up; 55 (21%) DM cases were anti-TIF1-Ab positive. After 10 years of follow-up, a higher proportion of anti-TIF1-Ab-positive cases developed cancer compared with anti-TIF1-Ab-negative cases: 38% vs 15% [hazard ratio 3.4 (95% CI 2.2, 5.4)]. All the detected malignancy cases in the anti-TIF1-Ab-positive cohort occurred between 3 years prior to and 2.5 years after DM onset. No cancer cases were detected within the following 7.5 years in this group, whereas cancers were detected during this period in the anti-TIF1-Ab-negative cases. Ovarian cancer was more common in the anti-TIF1-Ab-positive vs -negative cohort: 19% vs 2%, respectively (P < 0.05). No anti-TIF1-Ab-positive case <39 years of age developed cancer, compared with 21 (53%) of those ≥39 years of age. Conclusion Anti-TIF1-Ab-positive-associated malignancy occurs exclusively within the 3 year period on either side of DM onset, the risk being highest in those ≥39 years of age. Cancer types differ according to anti-TIF1-Ab status, and this may warrant specific cancer screening approaches.

Getting Started: The Youth Labor Market

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Craig V. D. Thornton ◽  
Paul Osterman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Labor Market

scholarly journals Prognostic implications of depression and inflammation in patients with metastatic lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C McFarland ◽  
Rebecca M. Saracino ◽  
Andrew H. Miller ◽  
William Breitbart ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Metastatic Lung Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Background: Lung cancer-related inflammation is associated with depression. Both elevated inflammation and depression are associated with worse survival. However, outcomes of patients with concomitant depression and elevated inflammation are not known. Materials & methods: Patients with metastatic lung cancer (n = 123) were evaluated for depression and inflammation. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models provided survival estimations. Results: Estimated survival was 515 days for the cohort and 323 days for patients with depression (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05–1.179), 356 days for patients with elevated inflammation (hazard ratio: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.856–4.388), and 307 days with both (χ2 = 12.546; p < 0.001]). Conclusion: Depression and inflammation are independently associated with inferior survival. Survival worsened by inflammation is mediated by depression-a treatable risk factor.

scholarly journals Introduction of Two-Dose Mumps-Containing Vaccine into Routine Immunization Schedule in Quzhou, China, Using Cox-Proportional Hazard Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhiying Yin ◽  
Canjie Zheng ◽  
Quanjun Fang ◽  
Xiaoying Gong ◽  
Guoping Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Model ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Routine Immunization Schedule ◽  
Different Doses

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus, but the incidence of mumps has increased among the children who were vaccinated with one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the influence of different doses of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) against mumps using Cox-proportional hazard model. We collected 909 mumps cases of children who were born from 2006 to 2010 and vaccinated with different doses of MuCV in Quzhou during 2006-2018, which were all clinically diagnosed. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Cox-proportional hazard model were used to estimate the hazard probabilities. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the cumulative hazard of male and female has no difference; lower hazards were detected among those who were vaccinated with two-dose MuCV, born in 2006, and infected after supplementary immunization activities (SIA). Cox-proportional hazard regression suggested that onset after SIA, born in 2006, and vaccinated with two-dose MuCV were protective factors against infection even after adjusting for potential confounding effects. Our study showed that it was necessary to revise the diagnostic criteria of mumps and identify RT-PCR as the standard for mumps diagnosis in China. We suggested that routine immunization schedule should introduce two doses of MMR and prevaccination screening should be performed before booster immunization in vaccinated populations.

scholarly journals Labor market and health trajectories during periods of economic recession and expansion in the United States, 1988‒2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K Fan ◽  
Benjamin C Amick III ◽  
Lindsey Richardson ◽  
Heather Scott-Marshall ◽  
Christopher B McLeod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Trajectories

scholarly journals Survival of the Recidivistic? Revealing Factors Associated with the Criminal Career Length of Multiple Homicide Offenders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Campedelli ◽  
Enzo Yaksic
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Career ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Career Length ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Multiple Homicide

Relying on a sample of 1,394 US-based multiple homicide offenders (MHOs), we study the duration of the careers of this extremely violent category of offenders through Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard regression. We investigate the characteristics of such careers in terms of length and we provide an inferential analysis investigating correlates of career duration. The models indicate that females, MHOs employing multiple methods, younger MHOs and MHOs that acted in more than one US state have higher odds of longer careers. Conversely, those offending with a partner and those targeting victims from a single sexual group have a higher probability of shorter careers.

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