Long-Term Indigenous Soil Conservation Technology in the Chencha Area, Southern Ethiopia: Origin, Characteristics, and Sustainability

Purpose. To determine immunological and virological failure and associated factors among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral treatments at Hawassa University Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 HIV-infected children from July 1 to December 1, 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and review of patient records. Blood samples for viral load and CD4 count were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Significance group comparison was done by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors of the variability between groups. Results. A total of 273 children, between the age ranges of 1 to 14 years, were included. Of these, 139 (50.9%) and 134 (49.1%) were males and females, respectively. Children from the rural area were almost five times more vulnerable for virological and immunological failure than those children from the urban area ( AOR = 4.912 , (1.276-8.815), P = 0.032 ). The overall viral load suppression was 196 (71.8%) with a good adherence of 226 (82.9%). Nonsuppressed HIV viral load was found to be 77 (28.2%) which had two times more viral load copies ( AOR = 2.01 , (1.21–2.66), P = 0.001 ) when compared to those who had suppressed viral load copies. The proportions of children who had immunological nonresponse were 45.6% (21 out of 46), 30.4% (14 out of 46), and 23.9% (11 out of 46) among children with baseline CD4 of <200, 201-500, and >500 cells/μl, respectively. Unimproved outcomes among females were noted for immunological and virological failure in this study ( AOR = 1.901 , (1.038-3.481), P = 0.038 ). Conclusion. In conclusion, the highly active antiretroviral treatment appeared highly effective in terms of immunological and virological long-term outcomes. However, viral suppression (71.8%) in our study was far apart from the UNAIDS target of 90% in 2020. For that reason, strengthening adherence counseling and early initiation of HAART is important.

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Limited Knowledge and Unsafe Practices in Usage of Pesticides and The Associated Toxicity Symptoms among Farmers in Tullo and Finchawa Rural Kebeles, Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

10.5772/intechopen.96093 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lana MHD Jamal Alshalati

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Working Hours ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Related ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

The Common ◽

Insufficient Knowledge

The insufficient knowledge regarding safe and proper pesticide handling by farmers in developing countries has led to extensive agricultural expansions at the expense of the health of farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and field practices of farmers regarding pesticide handling, and to determine the prevalence of acute and chronic health-related problems in Finchawa and Tullo rural Kebeles of Hawassa City Administration. A cross-sectional mixed methods research design was employed to capture the fuller image of the issue. Farmers’ knowledge regarding pesticide handling and toxicity found to be on average. The odds of the knowledge concerning proper pesticide handling was positively influenced by the factor of age, access to training; and years of experience; Field practices adopted by farmers were disappointing and intentional suicide incidents among teenagers were the result of farmers’ unsafe storage. Nearly all the farmers did not use any means of PPE, and the lack of awareness about the dermal route presented a high risk of exposure. The common self-reported toxicity symptoms experienced by the participants included a headache (84.93%) and slow heartbeats (72.60%). The odds of prevalence of long-term toxicity symptoms found to be negatively correlated with the training factor while the same was positively influenced by the working hours in the farm. The study revealed that there is a high risk of exposure among farmers and their families in the study area.

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Soil Conservation Capability of Crops and Crop Rotations: Data from Long-Term Studies in Belarus

Soil as World Heritage ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-6187-2_28 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 295-301

Author(s):

A. Chernysh ◽

A. Ustinova ◽

I. Kas’yanenko ◽

S. Kas’yanchik

Keyword(s):

Soil Conservation ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Long Term Studies

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The Study on the Vegetation Factor C of the USLE Model in the Frigid Plateau Region Based on Remote Sensing

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.162 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 500 ◽

pp. 162-167

Author(s):

Shi Xian Gu ◽

Xia Xu ◽

Xiao Dan Wang

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Rational Model ◽

Plateau Region ◽

Eastern Tibet ◽

C Value ◽

Factor C ◽

Term Field

The vegetation factor C presented the human disturbance to the soil erosion and was important to the soil erosion estimation and soil conservation. However it was hard to be measured without a long term field observation and much harder in the frigid plateau region where the environment is fragile and tough, research needed and not easy to be conducted. This study used remote sensing to check detail land use/cover, estimated the factor C by vegetation rational model, and a factor C value table was built and C value map was drawn in the typical watershed of eastern Tibet to help to estimate the soil erosion in the material lack area.

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The effects of biological soil conservation practices and community perception toward these practices in the Lemo District of Southern Ethiopia

International Soil and Water Conservation Research ◽

10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.01.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tamrat Sinore ◽

Endalikachew Kissi ◽

Abebayehu Aticho

Keyword(s):

Soil Conservation ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Community Perception

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Reversible Long Term Contraceptives Utilization among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v30i6.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Samson Kastro Dake ◽

Temesgen Lera Abiso

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Reproductive Age Group

BACKGROUND፡ In low income countries, bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka District in South EthiopiaMETHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI)was reported, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 134(38.7%). Utilization of Reversible Long Term Contraceptives (RLTCs) was positively associated with being protestant Christian religion follower, advanced educational status, history of abortion, and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives. In other words, being housewife, being daily laborer, having no radio in the household and making fertility decisions alone were negatively associated.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RLTCs in the study area was high. Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to formal school. In addition to electronic media, different community events and community conversations should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudestowards RLTCs.

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Effects of Grazing Enclosures on Species Diversity, Phenology, Biomass, and Carrying Capacity in Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2020.623627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yeneayehu Fenetahun ◽

You Yuan ◽

Xu Xinwen ◽

Wang Yongdong

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Short Term ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Grazing Intensities ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Index Value

A grazing enclosure (GE) is one of the most effective techniques for restoring degraded rangelands by modifying the composition, abundance, and diversity of species. However, the effect of GEs on different grazing intensities and durations compared to open-grazing (OG) rangelands is not well known. We aimed to assess the effect of GE on the characteristics of plant species. We established five plots in a short-term enclosure, a long-term enclosure, and an OG treatment to examine the effect of GE on vegetation species’ height, abundance, diversity, phenology, biomass, heterogeneity, and the carrying capacity (CC) of rangeland under grazed and enclosed conditions. We found that GE significantly (P < 0.05) increased vegetation height, abundance, biomass, CC, phenological period, and species diversity. However, the increase in height, diversity, and phenological periods were not consistent with enclosure duration, and higher increments were recorded at the short-term enclosure site. The highest Shannon index value recorded at StGE (2.45) was 28.6 and 12.2% greater than the LtGE (1.75) and OG (2.15) sites, respectively. The advanced phenological periods were higher at the StGE site and showed 22.6 and 60.3% higher values than the LtGE and OG sites, respectively. The highest carrying capacities of 23.4 and 114.3% for livestock were observed at the LtGE compared to the StGE and OG grazing sites. In addition, the heterogeneity of the plants’ community was significantly higher in the long-term GE, due to the decrease in species’ diversity. In conclusion, this paper further contributes to the development of the theoretical basis on the effects of GEs and recommends strategies like rotational grazing and reseeding to be used in tandem with a GE for sustainable management of rangelands.

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Ichthyofauna from three streams of the lower Iguatemi River in the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/14.2.363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 363-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valéria Flávia Batista-Silva ◽

Augusto Frota ◽

Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui ◽

Milza Celi Fedatto Abelha ◽

Dayani Bailly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The ichthyofauna from 3 streams (Água Boa, Perobão, and Santa Maria) to the lower Iguatemi River were inventoried, which is located in the upper Paraná river basin, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Sites in the upper, intermediate, and lower portions of each stream were quarterly electrofished from March to December 2008. All sampled fish (n = 6,816 individuals) represented 43 species of 5 orders, and 16 families. The most abundant species was Phalloceros harpagos (63.5%), followed by Astyanax aff. paranae (10.6%), Hypostomus ancistroides (5.9%), Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (3.4%), and Knodus moenkhausii (2.7%). Despite the high ichthyofauna richness in the lower portion of Iguatemi River, the need to implement and/or expand soil conservation practices and riparian forest restoration is of utmost importance to maintain these populations in the long term.

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