scholarly journals The future of sustainability in the context of COVID-19

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna-Mareè Cawthorn ◽  
Alexandra Kennaugh ◽  
Sam M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis emanating both from a virus (SARS-CoV-2) and from the drastic actions to contain it. Here, we reflect on the immediate responses of most world powers amid the pandemic chaos: totalitarian surveillance and nationalist isolation. Drawing on published literature, we consider measures such as wildlife-use bans, lockdowns and travel restrictions, along with their reverberations for people, economies and the planet. Our synthesis highlights significant shortfalls of applying command-and-control tactics in emergencies. For one, heavy-handed bans risk enormous unintended consequences and tend to fail if they lack legitimacy or clash with people’s values. Furthermore, reactive and myopic strategies typically view the pandemic as a stand-alone crisis, rather than unravelling the complex interplay of nature-society interactions through which zoonotic diseases originate. A return to adaptive management approaches that recognise root causes and foster socio-ecological resilience will be essential to improve human and planetary health and mitigate future pandemics.

scholarly journals Oxygen Is Instrumental for Biological Signaling: An Overview

Oxygen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
John T. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Form Part ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Signaling Components

Control of cellular function is extremely complex, being reliant on a wide range of components. Several of these are small oxygen-based molecules. Although reactive compounds containing oxygen are usually harmful to cells when accumulated to relatively high concentrations, they are also instrumental in the control of the activity of a myriad of proteins, and control both the upregulation and downregulation of gene expression. The formation of one oxygen-based molecule, such as the superoxide anion, can lead to a cascade of downstream generation of others, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (∙OH), each with their own reactivity and effect. Nitrogen-based signaling molecules also contain oxygen, and include nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, both instrumental among the suite of cell signaling components. These molecules do not act alone, but form part of a complex interplay of reactions, including with several sulfur-based compounds, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Overaccumulation of oxygen-based reactive compounds may alter the redox status of the cell and lead to programmed cell death, in processes referred to as oxidative stress, or nitrosative stress (for nitrogen-based molecules). Here, an overview of the main oxygen-based molecules involved, and the ramifications of their production, is given.

scholarly journals Kentucky bluegrass invaded rangeland: Ecosystem implications and adaptive management approaches

Rangelands ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Caley K. Gasch ◽  
David Toledo ◽  
Katherine Kral-O'Brien ◽  
Carol Baldwin ◽  
Cayla Bendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Management Approaches

scholarly journals Zoonotic infections in Europe in 2007: a summary of the EFSA-ECDC annual report

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Westrell ◽  
N Ciampa ◽  
F Boelaert ◽  
B Helwigh ◽  
H Korsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Campylobacter Infections ◽  
The Eu

The European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control have just published their Community Zoonoses Report for 2007, analysing the occurrence of infectious diseases transmittable from animals to humans. Campylobacter infections still topped the list of zoonotic diseases in the European Union and the number of Salmonella infections in humans decreased for the fourth year in a row. Cases of listeriosis remained at the same level as in 2006, but due to the severity of the disease, more studies on transmission routes are warranted. The report highlights the importance of continued co-operation between veterinarians and public health specialists, both at the EU level and within Member States.

scholarly journals One health approach of campylobacteriosis in Egypt: An emerging zoonotic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 956-960
Author(s):  
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cattle Meat ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

World Health Organization (WHO) defined zoonotic diseases as diseases transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa with or without vector, where more than 75% of the human’s diseases have been transmitted from animals or their products. Nevertheless, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important food borne zoonotic diseases that is likely to challenge global public health all over the world. In Egypt, campylobacteriosis causes severe losses in comparison with other food borne pathogens like Salmonella or Escherichia coli. The potential sources of Campylobacter transmission are poultry backyards and meat, cattle meat, raw milk and water. The main clinical manifestations of human’s campylobacteriosis are gastroenteritis and later on nervous signs. Prevention and control strategic plans of campylobacteriosis are very crucial.

Adaptive project management for the civil society sector: towards an academic research agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (0) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Lena Gutheil
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

In order to react adequately to the complex, fast-changing and politicised environments in which development projects operate, donors have started adopting more adaptive project management approaches. Projects dealing with civil society actors in particular are said to benefit from adaptive management. As adaptive management largely depends on locally led and politically smart programming, it is presented as one avenue for addressing long-standing problems of civil society organisations, such as donor dependency, lack of legitimacy and accountability issues. However, the evidence base concerning the effects of adaptive management is scarce and rather anecdotal and an overarching definition of adaptive management has not been established. In order to work towards an academic research agenda for adaptive management, the article systematically reviews twenty-one case studies to generate insights into what donors and implementers consider as adaptive practices, their perceived effects, obstacles and derived recommendations. The article thus contributes to identifying which actors are driving the adaptive agenda, which practices are considered as adaptive, what we can learn from first pilot interventions and which research gaps can be derived from this analysis.

scholarly journals The global economy and its influence on the Slovak construction sector

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
E. Jankovichová
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The global economy and its influence on the Slovak construction sectorFor the construction industry, globalization is a trend that means two things: many opportunities and many threats. In the conditions of globalization many management approaches, such as organization structure, strategy forming, planning, motivation and control procedures, communication channels, risk management, etc., must transform. The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of globalization on the construction industry in Slovakia and identify the impact of globalization on construction companies in this area.

scholarly journals Modelling transmission and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Chang ◽  
Nathan Harding ◽  
Cameron Zachreson ◽  
Oliver M. Cliff ◽  
Mikhail Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
International Travel ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract There is a continuing debate on relative benefits of various mitigation and suppression strategies aimed to control the spread of COVID-19. Here we report the results of agent-based modelling using a fine-grained computational simulation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. This model is calibrated to match key characteristics of COVID-19 transmission. An important calibration outcome is the age-dependent fraction of symptomatic cases, with this fraction for children found to be one-fifth of such fraction for adults. We apply the model to compare several intervention strategies, including restrictions on international air travel, case isolation, home quarantine, social distancing with varying levels of compliance, and school closures. School closures are not found to bring decisive benefits unless coupled with high level of social distancing compliance. We report several trade-offs, and an important transition across the levels of social distancing compliance, in the range between 70% and 80% levels, with compliance at the 90% level found to control the disease within 13–14 weeks, when coupled with effective case isolation and international travel restrictions.

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