Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical application

AbstractExosomes are single-membrane, secreted organelles with a diameter of 30–200 nm, containing diverse bioactive constituents, including DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, with prominent molecular heterogeneity. Extensive studies indicate that exosomal RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) can interact with many types of cancers, associated with several hallmark features like tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, emerging as the seventh foremost cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Hence, revealing the specific pathogenesis and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment process are urgently required. As the study of exosomes has become an active area of research, the functional connections between exosomes and PaCa have been deeply investigated. Among these, exosomal RNAs seem to play a significant role in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PaCa. Exosomal RNAs delivery ultimately modulates the various features of PaCa, and many scholars have interpreted how exosomal RNAs contribute to the proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance in PaCa. Besides, recent studies emphasize that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PaCa. In this review, we will introduce these recent insights focusing on the discoveries of the relationship between exosomal RNAs and PaCa, and the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in PaCa.

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Challenges and Opportunities for Early Pancreatic Cancer Detection: Role for Protein Biomarkers

Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research - Molecular and Translational Medicine ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-49476-6_4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Lucy Oldfield ◽

Lawrence Barrera ◽

Dylan Williams ◽

Anthony E. Evans ◽

John Neoptolemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer

Suizo ◽

10.2958/suizo.31.32 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 32-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenji TAKAHASHI ◽

Yohei KITANO ◽

Yuichi MAKINO ◽

Masakazu HANEDA

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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Non-Coding RNAs in Invadopodia: New Insights Into Cancer Metastasis

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.681576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Feiya Li ◽

Burton B. Yang

Keyword(s):

Clinical Application ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Anticancer Therapy ◽

Invasion And Metastasis ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Open Questions ◽

New Ideas ◽

Therapeutic Context ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Invadopodia are actin-rich structures and their formation is implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Growing evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in pathological conditions, including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although this is still a new area of research, ncRNAs appear to be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis. However, understanding the roles of ncRNAs in invadopodia is still in the early stages and far from clinical application. In this mini-review, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in invadopodia functions and discuss them in a therapeutic context. The current challenges and gaps in this field are also raised, and we provide some open questions to facilitate new ideas in targeting invadopodia in anticancer therapy.

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Non-coding RNA in drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20180915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Bisha Ding ◽

Weiyang Lou ◽

Liang Xu ◽

Weimin Fan

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Potential Clinical Application ◽

Cancer Occurrence ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

The Future ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most highly lethal cancers. The acquisition of drug resistance accounts for the majority of poor effects of chemotherapy in HCC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including miRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNA (circRNA) have been well-documented to participate in cancer occurrence and progression. Recently, multiple studies have highlighted the key roles of ncRNAs in chemoresistance of HCC. In addition, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that they can serve as biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. In this review, we first overviewed up-to-date findings regarding miRNA and lncRNA in drug resistance of HCC, then summarized specific mechanisms that they modulate chemoresistance of HCC, and finally discussed their potential clinical application in overcoming the obstacle of HCC chemoresistance in the future.

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Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: Focus on lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13164161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4161

Author(s):

Yiwei Li ◽

Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak ◽

Philip A. Philip ◽

Asfar S. Azmi ◽

Ramzi M. Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

High Mortality ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Cancer Diagnostics ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Cellular Signal ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignance with high mortality. The lack of early diagnosis and effective therapy contributes to the high mortality of this deadly disease. For a long time being, the alterations in coding RNAs have been considered as major targets for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, with the advances in high-throughput next generation of sequencing more alterations in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in different cancers. Further mechanistic studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circular RNAs (circRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) play vital roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, tumor progression and prognosis. In recent years, increasing studies have focused on the roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Novel findings have demonstrated that lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA are critically involved in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signal transduction in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of roles of lncRNA, circRNA, and piRNA in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these ncRNAs and related signaling in pancreatic cancer therapy. The information provided here will help to find new strategies for better treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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