scholarly journals A fuzzy ontology: on the relevance of ecocentrism in marine environmental ethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin von Negenborn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Ocean Management ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marine Environmental

AbstractGoverning human interaction in the maritime space implicitly rests on the ascription of value to this space. Environmental ethics helps to disentangle the many concepts of value that may come in conflict. As a particularly contested concept, ecocentrism assigns value not just at the atomistic level, but also at the holistic one. It has, however, been subject to criticism, thus challenging the validity of recent approaches to ocean management implicitly resting on ecocentric grounds. This paper provides a new justification for ecocentrism in the marine realm. Instead of relying on notions of community or teleonomy in nature, this paper builds on its ontology. It considers “the Area” beyond national jurisdiction and its declaration as “common heritage.” While a shared understanding of this concept is necessary to put it to practice in the intergovernmental sphere, the paper argues that any characterization of its ontology is subject to fuzziness. In the light of disagreement, fluctuation, and uncertainty on the atomistic level, a holistic perspective on the Area is necessary. Ecocentrism thus allows to overcome the conceptual hindrances and facilitates the implementation of a genuinely common heritage.

Does the Regime Secure the Common Heritage’s Benefit-sharing and Marine Environmental Protection Components?

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-234
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Marine Environmental Protection ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Marine Environmental

Chapter 6 considers whether the continuing development by the International Seabed Authority (ISA) of the regulatory framework for deep seabed mining beyond national jurisdiction is on course to secure the common heritage’s main material components of benefit sharing and marine environmental protection, in the face of increasing corporate activity. It addresses the emerging regulatory regime provided in the Draft Exploitation Regulations in relation to the planned payment mechanism and the protection of the marine environment. As Chapter 6 explains, a key measure of the regime’s ability to secure the common heritage in these respects will be the extent to which it retains regulatory flexibility to adapt to new challenges. Chapter 6 also considers the existing framework for implementation, responsibility and enforcement, as underpinned by binding dispute resolution options. It concludes by assessing the position of corporate actors in terms of each of these aspects, as robust implementation options will be vital for achievement of the common heritage.

A Comprehensive Model for Medical Information Processing

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Bemmel
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Computers In Medicine ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Many

At first sight, the many applications of computers in medicine—from payroll and registration systems to computerized tomography, intensive care and diagnostics—do make a rather chaotic impression. The purpose of this article is to propose a scheme or working model for putting medical information systems in order. The model comprises six »levels of complexity«, running parallel to dependence on human interaction. Several examples are treated to illustrate the scheme. The reason why certain computer applications are more frequently used than others is analyzed. It has to be strongly considered that the differences in complexity and dependence on human involvement are not accidental but fundamental. This has consequences for research and education which are also discussed.

Theology in the Church of England

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Joseph Butler ◽  
Anglican Theology ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Church

The dismissive characterization of Anglican divinity between 1688 and 1800 as defensive and rationalistic, made by Mark Pattison and Leslie Stephen, has proved more enduring than most other aspects of a Victorian critique of the eighteenth-century Church of England. By directly addressing the analytical narratives offered by Pattison and Stephen, this chapter offers a comprehensive re-evaluation of this neglected period in the history of English theology. The chapter explores the many contributions to patristic study, ecclesiastical history, and doctrinal controversy made by theologians with a once deservedly international reputation: William Cave, Richard Bentley, William Law, William Warburton, Joseph Butler, George Berkeley, and William Paley were vitalizing influences on Anglican theology, all of whom were systematically depreciated by their agnostic Victorian successors. This chapter offers a revisionist account of the many achievements in eighteenth-century Anglican divinity.

The development of body and organ shape

BMC Zoology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansa E. Cobham ◽  
Christen K. Mirth
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Organ Shape ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Organisms show an incredibly diverse array of body and organ shapes that are both unique to their taxon and important for adapting to their environment. Achieving these specific shapes involves coordinating the many processes that transform single cells into complex organs, and regulating their growth so that they can function within a fully-formed body. Main text Conceptually, body and organ shape can be separated in two categories, although in practice these categories need not be mutually exclusive. Body shape results from the extent to which organs, or parts of organs, grow relative to each other. The patterns of relative organ size are characterized using allometry. Organ shape, on the other hand, is defined as the geometric features of an organ’s component parts excluding its size. Characterization of organ shape is frequently described by the relative position of homologous features, known as landmarks, distributed throughout the organ. These descriptions fall into the domain of geometric morphometrics. Conclusion In this review, we discuss the methods of characterizing body and organ shape, the developmental programs thought to underlie each, highlight when and how the mechanisms regulating body and organ shape might overlap, and provide our perspective on future avenues of research.

scholarly journals Grounding semantic transparency in context

Morphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Varvara ◽  
Gabriella Lapesa ◽  
Sebastian Padó
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Inclusion Measure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.

New perspectives on Aspersentis Megarhynchus (Acanthocephala: Heteracanthocephalidae) from Notothenia Coriiceps Richardson (Nototheniidae) in the West Antarctic, with emended generic diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Amin ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
S. Dallarés ◽  
M. Constenla ◽  
N.Yu. Rubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Notothenia Coriiceps ◽  
The Many ◽  
Dorsal Position

Abstract A number of variable descriptive accounts of Aspersentis megarhynchus (von Linstow, 1892) Golvan, 1960 have been reported from specimens collected from many species of fish in various locations off Antarctic islands. We have described a new population from Notothenia coriiceps Richardson (Nototheniidae) off Galindez Island, West Antarctica, and features not previously reported, resolved the taxonomic controversies and nomenclature, and emended and updated the generic diagnosis taking into account the newly observed structures. These are depicted in microscopic images and include the outer spiral wall of the proboscis receptacle, the thicker dorsal wall of the receptacle compared to the ventral wall, parts of the female reproductive system, the separate cement gland ducts, the dorsal position of the male gonopore and more detail of proboscis hooks and trunk spines. It is surprising that the newly observed features were missed from the many descriptions of A. megarhynchus created since the original description. The variability in A. megarhynchus is noted with a comparison of the morphometrics of our specimens vs. those in six other descriptions. We also analysed the metal composition of hooks and spines using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and concluded a molecular characterization of the species based on 18S DNA gene, with related phylogenetic analyses.

Outer limits of the continental shelf beyond CLCS recommendations and Article 76(8) of UNCLOS: With reference to Japan’s Cabinet Order No. 302

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Michael Sheng-ti Gau ◽  
Si-han Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
The West ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Common ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
The Unclos

Abstract In 2014 Japan’s Cabinet Order No. 302 declared the outer limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (OL) to the west and north of Oki-no-Tori Shima (Area 302). Oki-no-Tori Shima consists of two small, barren, and uninhabitable rocks in the West Pacific. The northern part of Area 302 is broader than what the 2012 recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) specify. A question arises whether Order No. 302 violates Article 76(8) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which provides that the OL established by a coastal state ‘on the basis of’ the CLCS recommendations shall be final and binding. Another question is the role played by the CLCS in ‘assisting’ the coastal states to delimit their national jurisdiction so as to know where the Area (i.e., the Common Heritage of Mankind under UNCLOS Articles 1(1)(1) and 136) begins. The essential questions arising from Area 302 concern how well the UNCLOS mechanism can perform to safeguard the Common Heritage of Mankind through preventing encroachment thereupon by individual coastal states. This article looks at the context and explores the obligations implied by Article 76(8) for coastal states to ‘follow’ the recommendations in establishing the OL, with special reference to the northern part of Area 302. The article also examines legal consequences arising from a breach of these obligations.

scholarly journals Anthropology between heritage and museums

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-252
Author(s):  
José Guilherme Cantor Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Good ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

By analyzing some cases this article exposes the contribution of Anthropology, and specially, Urban Anthropology to the characterization of what may or may not be a cultural good and its value as Heritage in the context of the urban landscape. As a matter of fact, here it is shown the application of the ethnographic method, with its "inside and close-by" regard and with the categories of turf, patch, route and circuit, developed along researches performed at the Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana (NAU/USP) [Urban Anthropology Nucleus]. Thus, our aim is to argument that this work brings forth new elements for a better definition of the many heritage modalities - be it Architectonic, Archeological, Historical, and mainly the so-called Immaterial or Intangible. Thereby a fecund dialogue is opened between Anthropology and the disciplines traditionally engaged with the fields of Heritage and Museology.

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