scholarly journals Porphyrin accumulation in humans with common dysfunctional variants of ABCG2, a porphyrin transporter: potential association with acquired photosensitivity

Human Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sakiyama ◽  
Hirotaka Matsuo ◽  
Yu Toyoda ◽  
Yuiko Yonekura ◽  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
General Japanese Population ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Japanese Subjects

AbstractPhotosensitivity is a skin reaction disorder mediated by phototoxic and/or photoallergic mechanisms. The accumulation of porphyrins is generally considered to induce phototoxicity. ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) has been identified as a transporter of porphyrins and its common variants—p.Gln126Ter (rs72552713) and p.Gln141Lys (rs2231142)—reportedly decrease the function of porphyrin transport in vitro; however, the physiological importance of ABCG2 as a porphyrin transporter remains to be fully elucidated. We herein investigated whether ABCG2 dysfunction could lead to porphyrin accumulation and photosensitivity in Japanese subjects, and found it to be significantly correlated with erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (P = 0.012). This appears to be the first clinical finding of ABCG2 dysfunction-associated protoporphyrin accumulation in humans. We divided the patients into a chronic actinic dermatosis (CAD) group and a non-CAD group. CAD was diagnosed based on the criteria of reduced minimal erythema doses to ultraviolet B (UVB) and/or ultraviolet A (UVA). The non-CAD group was composed of patients who exhibited normal reactions to UVB and UVA on phototesting, but had histories of recurrent erythema/papules on sun-exposed areas. Estimated ABCG2 function according to ABCG2 genotypes in the non-CAD group was significantly lower than in the general Japanese population (P = 0.045). In contrast, no difference was found in ABCG2 function between the CAD group and the general population, suggesting that ABCG2 dysfunction might be a genetic factor in non-CAD patients with clinical photosensitivity. In this context, genetic dysfunction of ABCG2 might be an overlooked pathological etiology of “photosensitivity of unknown cause.”

scholarly journals PENENTUAN NILAI SPF (SUN PROTECTION FACTOR) DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL PROPOLIS SECARA IN VITRO UNTUK PENGGUNAAN SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA PADA WANITA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Santi Sinala ◽  
Alfrida Monica Salasa
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

Matahari merupakan sumber radiasi terbesar yang ada. Selain sinar matahari mengandung spectrum yang dapat mengubah senyawa menjadi vitamin D, terdapat pula spectrum dari sinar matahari yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan kulit. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada kulit seperti kulit kusam, kulit bintik-bintik hitam, bahkan bisa terjadi kanker kulit. Hal-hal inilah yang menjadi salah satu factor yang menganggu kesehatan. Matahari memiliki spektrum Ultraviolet A (UV A) dan Ultraviolet B (UV B). Telah dilakukan penelitian dalam penentuan nilai SPF dari ekstrak etanol propolis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitain eksperimental. Ekstrak propolis diperoleh dengan cara maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak kental didapat setelah hasil ekstraksi dirotapavor dan dimasukkan ke Frezze dyer. Ekstrak etanol dibuat dalam beberapa seri pengenceran 400 µg/ml, 800 µg/ml, 1200 µg/ml, 1400 µg/ml, 1600 µg/ml ,1800 µg/ml dan 2000 µg/ml, yang kemudian diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer visible pada panjang gelombang 290 nm – 340 nm dengan interval 5 nm. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pada konsenrasi 400 µg/ml memiliki nilai SPF 2,8, konsentrasi 800 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 6, konsentrasi 1200 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 10, konsentrasi 1400 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 12, konsentrasi  1600 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 14, konsentrasi 1800 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 16 dan 2000 µg/ml dengan nilai SPF 18. Nilai-nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki tingkat proteksi minimal pada konsentrasi 400 µg/ml dan tingkat proteksi ultra pada konsentrasi 1800 µg/ml. 

scholarly journals On a Beam of Light: Photoprotective Activities of the Marine Carotenoids Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin in Suppression of Inflammation and Cancer

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Elena Catanzaro ◽  
Anupam Bishayee ◽  
Carmela Fimognari
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Every day, we come into contact with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). If under medical supervision, small amounts of UVR could be beneficial, the detrimental and hazardous effects of UVR exposure dictate an unbalance towards the risks on the risk-benefit ratio. Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B involve mainly the skin, the immune system, and the eyes. Photodamage is an umbrella term that includes general phototoxicity, photoaging, and cancer caused by UVR. All these phenomena are mediated by direct or indirect oxidative stress and inflammation and are strictly connected one to the other. Astaxanthin (ASX) and fucoxanthin (FX) are peculiar marine carotenoids characterized by outstanding antioxidant properties. In particular, ASX showed exceptional efficacy in counteracting all categories of photodamages, in vitro and in vivo, thanks to both antioxidant potential and activation of alternative pathways. Less evidence has been produced about FX, but it still represents an interesting promise to prevent the detrimental effect of UVR. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of digging into the marine ecosystem to look for new compounds that could be beneficial for human health and confirm that the marine environment is as much as full of active compounds as the terrestrial one, it just needs to be more explored.

scholarly journals Melanoma induction by ultraviolet A but not ultraviolet B radiation requires melanin pigment

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances P. Noonan ◽  
M. Raza Zaidi ◽  
Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz ◽  
Miriam R. Anver ◽  
Jesse Bahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

Effect of ultraviolet B (302 nm) irradiation on viability, metabolic and detoxification functions of goat hepatocytes – in vitro study

2005 ◽  
Vol 277 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Naseem Begum Shakeel ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Venkateshan ◽  
Parveen ◽  
Adarsh K. Capoor ◽  
Mohammed Aejaz Habeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy Pretreatment Mitigates Ultraviolet A-Induced Oxidative Photodamage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Hua ◽  
Jiawei Cheng ◽  
Wenbo Bu ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Weiwei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim. To determine whether 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is effective in combating ultraviolet A- (UVA-) induced oxidative photodamage of hairless mice skin in vivo and human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Methods. In in vitro experiments, the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) was divided into two groups: the experimental group was treated with ALA-PDT and the control group was left untreated. Then, the experimental group and the control group of cells were exposed to 10 J/m2 of UVA radiation. ROS, O2− species, and MMP were determined by fluorescence microscopy; p53, OGG1, and XPC were determined by Western blot analysis; apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; and 8-oxo-dG was determined by immunofluorescence. Moreover, HaCaT cells were also treated with ALA-PDT. Then, SOD1 and SOD2 were examined by Western blot analysis. In in vivo experiments, the dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated with ALA-PDT or saline-PDT, and then, they were exposed to 20 J/m2 UVA light. The compound 8-oxo-dG was detected by immunofluorescence. Conclusion. In human epidermal keratinocytes and hairless mice skin, UVA-induced oxidative damage can be prevented effectively with ALA-PDT pretreatment.

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