scholarly journals COVID-19 and Ecosyndemic Vulnerability: Implications for El Niño-Sensitive Countries in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan J. Ramírez ◽  
Jieun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Weather And Climate

AbstractLatin America has emerged as an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador report some of the highest COVID-19 rates of incidence and deaths in the region. These countries also face synergistic threats from multiple infectious diseases (that is, ecosyndemic) and quasi-periodic El Niño-related hazards every few years. For example, Peru, which is highly sensitive to El Niño, already copes with an ecosyndemic health burden that heightens during and following weather and climate extreme events. Using an ecosyndemic lens, which draws on a multi-disease hazard context of place, this commentary highlights the importance of El Niño as a major factor that not only may aggravate COVID-19 incidence in the future, but also the broader health problem of ecosyndemic vulnerability in Latin America.

scholarly journals Influencia de factores climáticos sobre las enfermedades infecciosas.

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Erick HUARCAYA CASTILLA ◽  
Fiorella ROSSI LEYVA ◽  
Alejandro LLANOS-CUENTAS
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Several epidemiological evidence have been correlated with the effect of environmental factors over infectious diseases. Since the El Niño phenomenon in 1973, this event has been incriminated in the onset or trigger of epidemic changes and outbreaks. El Niño, which is responsible for the Ecuatorial Pacific Ocean water warming, produce a global effect, and as a consequence atmospheric humidity and environmental temperature are higher than usual. Currently, there are evidence that those changes have a direct effect on the biological life cycle of infectious diseases vectors and some microorganisms with a correlation in the epidemiology of those diseases. Recently, the molecular biology and the mathematical model analysis have been improving our understood about biological explanations, allowing the opportunity to predict outbreaks, risky areas, or epidemiological changes. We review the current evidence that may affect infectious diseases, as Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Bartonellosis, Cholera and others.

Mapping Ecosyndemic Risk and Social Vulnerability in Guatemala during the 2014–2016 El Niño: An Exploratory GIS Analysis

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ivan J. Ramírez ◽  
Jieun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Tropical Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

El Niño is a climatic cycle originating in the tropical Pacific Ocean that impacts countries in Latin America. It is often associated with water-based infectious diseases, many of which are also poverty-related. In this study we explore ecosyndemic risk and social vulnerability in Guatemala during the 2014–2016 El Niño. An ecosyndemic is a cluster of diseases, associated with environmental changes, set within a wider context of socioeconomic inequities. Using GIS, we examined six infectious diseases and ecosyndemic risk in Guatemala from 2014 to 2016 and factors of social risk at the department level. Preliminary results and policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of NAO and ENSO in the anomalous precipitation in the southern part of China – study on the two contrary high impact weather and climate cases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Wave ◽  
South China ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
El Nino ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
The South ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
High Impact Weather

Abstract. Their economic and social importance emphasized by the survey of Department of Disaster Relief, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, two different typical patterns of precipitation anomaly in the southern part of China during the 1982/1983 and 2009/2010 cold seasons coincided with the canonical El Niño and positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and with the El Niño Modoki and negative NAO, respectively. A better understanding of how a particular type of El Niño and a specific phase of NAO worked together to cause the relevant anomalous atmospheric circulation over the East Asia in the two high impact weather and climate cases was an interesting issue and could improve the prediction skill of natural hazards to a certain extent. In conclusion, superimposing on the remote and local Rossby wave responses in the atmosphere induced by the El Niño Modoki-related condensational heat sink over the South China Sea, the downstream extension of the negative NAO was well established by a NAO-induced stationary Rossby wave train along the Asian subtropical jet and played a major role in the persistent dry conditions in the Southwest China for the 2009/2010 boreal winter. On the contrary, for the 1982/1983 boreal winter, the canonical El Niño weakened the downstream extension of the positive NAO, and induced by the canonical El Niño-related condensational heat sink over the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, the remote and local Rossby wave responses in the atmosphere played a leading role in the sustained wet conditions in the South China.

El Nino, El Viejo and the global reshaping of Latin America: Surviving the UNCED coups

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-800
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Roddick
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino

scholarly journals PENGARUH IKLIM TERHADAP MUSIM TANAM RUMPUT LAUT, Kappaphycus alvarezii DI TELUK GERUPUK KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Radiarta ◽  
Erlania Erlania ◽  
Rusman Rusman
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Climate Prediction ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Weather And Climate

Rumput laut merupakan komoditas unggulan perikanan budidaya di Indonesia.Pengembangan kawasan budidaya rumput laut dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan biofisik perairan dan kondisi iklim. Salah satu faktor pembatas dalam budidaya rumput laut adalah musim tanam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pola musim tanam rumput laut yang dihubungkan dengan perubahan iklim yang terjadi di Teluk Gerupuk Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Data primer yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data keragaan budidaya rumput laut dan pola musim tanam. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai instansi terkait meliputi Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, dan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dan dibahas secara deskriptif yang disertai dengan gambar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas lahan pengembangan rumput laut sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi iklim. Adanya perubahan iklim baik nasional maupun global (El Niño dan La Niña) sangat memengaruhi pola musim tanam rumput laut di Teluk Gerupuk. Musim tanam produktif umumnya terjadi pada bulan di mana curah hujan rendah (musim kemarau) dan suhu udara juga rendah (24oC-27oC).

An Initialized Attribution Method for Extreme Events on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time-Scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Guomin Wang ◽  
Pandora Hope ◽  
Eun-Pa Lim ◽  
Harry H Hendon ◽  
Julie M Arblaster
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Heat Event ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Historical Levels

AbstractWhen record-breaking climate and weather extremes occur, decision-makers and planners want to know whether they are random natural events with historical levels of re-occurrence or are reflective of an altered frequency or intensity as a result of climate change. This paper describes a method to attribute extreme weather and climate events to observed increases in atmospheric CO2 using an initialized sub-seasonal to seasonal coupled global climate prediction system. Application of this method provides quantitative estimates of the contribution arising from increases in the level of atmospheric CO2 to individual weather and climate extreme events. Using a coupled sub-seasonal to seasonal forecast system differs from other methods because it has the merit of being initialized with the observed conditions and subsequently reproducing the observed events and their mechanisms. This can aid understanding when the reforecasts with and without enhanced CO2 are compared and communicated to a general audience. Atmosphere-ocean interactions are accounted for. To illustrate the method, we attribute the record Australian heat event of October 2015. We find that about half of the October 2015 Australia-wide temperature anomaly is due to the increase in atmospheric CO2 since 1960. This method has the potential to provide attribution statements for forecast events within an outlook period, i.e. before they occur. This will allow for informed messaging to be available as required when an extreme event occurs, which is of particular use to weather and climate services.

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