scholarly journals Does Tenure Security Reduce Disaster Risk? A Comparative Study of the Nairobi Settlements of Kibera and Kawangware

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rónán McDermott ◽  
Pat Gibbons ◽  
Dalmas Ochieng ◽  
Charles Owuor Olungah ◽  
Desire Mpanje
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhile scholarship suggests that improving tenure security and housing significantly reduces disaster risk at the household level within urban settings, this assertion has not been adequately tested. Tenure security can be conceived as being composed of three interrelated and overlapping forms: tenure security as determined by legal systems; de facto tenure security; and tenure security as perceived by residents. This article traces the relationship between tenure security, the quality of housing, and disaster risk on the basis of a mixed methods comparative case study of the settlements of Kawangware and Kibera in Nairobi. Although the findings suggest that owner-occupancy is associated with the structural integrity of dwellings to a greater extent than tenantship, no association was found between the length of occupancy by households and the structural integrity of the dwelling. Moreover, tenantship is not found to be closely associated with fires and flooding affecting the dwelling as extant scholarship would suggest. Formal ownership is linked with greater investment and upgrading of property with significant implications for disaster risk. Our findings highlight the complex relationship between tenure security and disaster risk in urban informal settlements and provide impetus for further investigation.

Trust relations in a changing health service

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Calnan ◽  
Rosemary Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent Policy

Objective: Trust in health care is an important policy area although research has tended to focus on interpersonal trust between patient and practitioner and has neglected trust relations at the organizational and institutional levels. Each of these levels of trust may have been influenced by recent policy and organizational changes in the NHS as well as wider cultural changes. Our aim was to explore the relationship between patients, practitioners and managers to identify if there was any evidence of changes in trust relations. Method: A comparative case study design in two different clinical and organizational settings. Results: Trust is still important for effective therapeutic and working relationships but the nature of that trust and how it is lost and won appears to be affected by the organizational context in which health services are delivered. The increasing partnership between patients and clinicians in managing health problems and the greater interdependence of clinicians and managers in providing multidisciplinary shared care have changed how patients, clinicians and managers trust each other. For many informants trust can no longer be assumed, it is conditional and has to be earned. However, the sources of trust are the quality of the patient- clinician interaction, the competence and empathy that is displayed rather than informed trust based on abstract disembodied data. Likewise in inter-practitioner relationships and clinician-manager relations trust no longer appears to be primarily based on professional status and seniority, instead it appears to be conditional and may be earned through a variety of strategies that demonstrate honesty, reliability, competence, accessibility and an indication that colleagues share similar values and have a common agenda. Conclusion: Trust is still important for effective therapeutic and working relationships.

scholarly journals The Human Development Index as an Indicator of Economic Development. An Assessment Based on a Comparative Case Study of Five European Post‑Socialist Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gruczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the Human Development Index (HDI) as an indicator of economic development. The analysis is based on case studies of five post‑socialist countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland. To carry out the assessment of the HDI, two approaches are employed. The first involves comparing the HDI values to seventeen other indicators related to different aspects of development chosen with reference to Amartya K. Sen’s approach. The second approach refers to public opinion surveys provided by the Eurobarometer and the European Quality of Life Survey programs. In the light of the analysis, it can be said that the HDI is a fairly good measure of economic development. However, certain important dimensions which have a significant impact on people’s living conditions are neglected. Knowing about Sen’s influence on the creation of the HDI and the emphasis he put on the relationship between democracy and development, it may be surprising that such neglected dimensions include the state of democracy.

AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUALITY OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE AND INCOME INEQUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
PHUC VAN PHAN
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Relationship

Public governance and income inequality relationship is complex and debatable. This paper examines the extent to which the quality of local governance affects inequality in Vietnam spanning the 2006–2016 period. I apply a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators to a dynamic panel data extracted from the Vietnam’s provincial competitiveness index and the Vietnam household living standard surveys. The findings are that there is a positive inequality — corruption link but no statistically significant correlation coefficient between the overall level of governance and income disparity. The study, therefore, suggests that the Vietnamese Government at all levels should consider both more effective legal practices and economic low-cost solutions to mitigate corruption.

Early Childhood Education and Child Care in Arizona : Is Availability Alone Sufficient?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Chapman ◽  
◽  
Margarita Pivovarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

With many states increasingly adopting Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) to rate their early childhood education (ECE) and child care programs, researchers question the use of these systems. Specifically, they are trying to understand the value of information provided by QRIS ratings and the implications QRIS ratings have on the quality of and access to ECE and child care programs for families. In this study, we attempt to understand the value of QRIS ratings when they are provided for families at the household level. To do so we take a close look at the relationship between availability of programs rated by the Quality Improvement and Rating System (QIRS) in Arizona and demographics of the communities they serve, and compare the utilization of the programs in communities with varying demographic compositions. While we find that more high-quality ECE and child care programs are available for children that are Hispanic, Black, and eligible for free and reduced-price lunch, we also find that families underutilized those programs. We argue that this underutilization might be due to a variety of barriers that the families are experiencing and believe that efforts should be directed to work with families and assist them in understanding their enrollment options.

scholarly journals Cost and Efficiency Analysis of Commercial Softeners in the Sewability Behavior of Cotton Fabrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cândida Vidrago ◽  
Maria José Araújo Marques Abreu ◽  
Graça Soares ◽  
Helder Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Performance Behavior

This paper reports a comparative case study on the use of different softening products for bed linen fabrics, specifically regarding the sewability of the fabrics. The market offers a wide variety of commercial formulations of softeners for this purpose, but the composition and price varies considerably. This work was aimed to assess the relationship between the cost and effectiveness of different softener formulations in home textiles finishing. Objectively, the effect of different softeners and their concentrations on sewability of the fabrics was studied. Non-ionic polyethylene dispersions and a cationic silicone softener micro-emulsion in different concentrations and combinations were considered in this investigation. It was found that a combination of silicone and polyethylene based softeners presents the most interesting cost/performance behavior.

Relationship between organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behaviour in a sample of private banking employees

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Zayas-Ortiz ◽  
Ernesto Rosario ◽  
Eulalia Marquez ◽  
Pablo Colón Gruñeiro
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Moral Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Banking ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there was a relationship between commitment and the behaviour of organizational citizenship among bank employees. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on the outcomes of a doctoral dissertation, which was a case study combining a mix methodology. The results validated the conceptual model proposed by the researcher and answered the research questions. Measurement instruments used include the organizational citizenship scale and the organizational commitment scale, developed and validated by Rosario et al. (2004). Findings – The paper finds that there is a positive correlation between the organizational commitment and the indicators of organizational citizenship behaviour and civic virtue, courtesy and altruism dimensions shown by the employees. The dimensions of affective and moral commitment had the strongest correlation with the civic virtue dimension of organizational citizenship. Research limitations/implications – Sample consist only of private banking employees. Practical implications – The organizations should support the affective and moral commitment in their personnel in order to develop strong citizenship behaviour. Social implications – The organizational commitment with demonstrations of citizenship behaviour, civic virtue, and courtesy and altruism dimensions may impact the organization and the community creating a good base to improve the quality of life. Originality/value – This is the first attempt to study the relationship between organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behaviour in a sample of private banking employees in Puerto Rico.

ARE PUBLISHERS READY FOR TOMORROW? PUBLISHERS' CAPABILITIES AND ONLINE INNOVATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250001
Author(s):  
VERA VALANTO ◽  
MIIA KOSONEN ◽  
HANNA-KAISA ELLONEN
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Media Management ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Online Experimentation ◽  
The Relationship

In order to cope with technological change, publishing companies need to effectively combine their capabilities and use them to support the development of new and existing products. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the market and technology capabilities of publishing companies and their online innovations. Our comparative case study focuses on four cases representing newspaper and magazine publishers. The case companies seem stronger in market than in technology capabilities. We also note an apparent tendency to build on the strongest capability area and to focus on leveraging those capabilities rather than taking a risk and experimenting in an area in which they are relatively weaker. Further, it seems that publishers have been able to leverage their market capabilities through online experimentation, but have not been able to develop their technological capabilities in the same manner. From the scientific perspective, this study makes two main contributions. Firstly, the empirical in-depth investigation of the capability portfolios of the case firms complements the emerging work on innovation-related capabilities. Secondly, the study adds to the literature on media management in enhancing understanding of the online-related capabilities that are required in publishing companies, and the related development patterns. Our study suggests that experimenting online and producing innovations requiring new types of internal market-related processes and practices is an efficient strategy to develop one's current market capabilities online.

Evaluating environmental implications of density: A comparative case study on the relationship between density, urban block typology and sky exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Chye Kiang Heng ◽  
Lai Choo Malone-Lee ◽  
Daniel Jun Chung Hii ◽  
Patrick Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The Relationship

Rethinking the Relationship Between Public Regulation and Private Litigation: Evidence from Securities Class Action in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Robin Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Securities Law ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Abstract China has a civil procedure for collective litigation, which is dubbed Chinese-style class action, as it differs from the U.S.-style class action in some important ways. Using securities class action as a case study, this Article empirically examines both the quantity and quality of reported cases in China. It shows that the number of cases is much lower than expected, but the percentage of recovery is significantly higher than that in the United States. Based on this, the Article casts doubt on the popular belief that China should adopt the U.S.-style class action, and sheds light on the much-debated issue concerning the relationship between public and private enforcement of securities law. The Article also discusses the future prospects of securities class action in China in light of some recent developments which may provide its functional equivalents, including the regulator-brokered compensation fund and public interest group litigation.

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