Vascularization of Microvascular Fragment Isolates from Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Mice

Abstract Background: Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies in rodents exclusively use epididymal adipose tissue as a visceral fat source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF may be rather isolated from liposuctioned subcutaneous fat tissue of patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization characteristics of MVF isolates from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of murine origin. Methods: MVF isolates were generated from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of donor mice using two different enzymatic procedures. For in vivo analyses, the MVF isolates were seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds and implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of recipient mice. Results: By means of the two isolation procedures, we isolated a higher number of MVF from visceral fat tissue when compared to subcutaneous fat tissue, while their length distribution, viability and cellular composition were comparable in both groups. Intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significantly reduced vascularization of implanted scaffolds seeded with subcutaneous MVF isolates when compared to implants seeded with visceral MVF isolates. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that this was due to high amounts of undigested connective tissue within the subcutaneous MVF isolates, which clogged the scaffold pores and prevented the interconnection of individual MVF into new microvascular networks. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need for improved protocols to generate connective tissue-free MVF isolates from subcutaneous fat tissue for future translational studies.

Download Full-text

Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (11-12) ◽

pp. 795 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ilker Akarken ◽

Hüseyin Tarhan ◽

Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽

Özgür Çakmak ◽

Gökhan Koç ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Flank Pain ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

Download Full-text

P271 DOES SUBCUTANEOUS FAT TISSUE CONTRIBUTE TO THE RELEASE OF ADIPOCYTOKINES IN INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AS WELL AS MESENTERIC ADIPOSE TISSUE?

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1873-9954(08)70282-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 84-85

Author(s):

S. Yapali ◽

F. Eren ◽

M. Deniz ◽

N. Imeryuz ◽

C. Celikel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Mesenteric Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Download Full-text

Adipose Tissue-Derived Microvascular Fragments From Male and Female Fat Donors Exhibit a Comparable Vascularization Capacity

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.777687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Später ◽

Julia E. Marschall ◽

Lea K. Brücker ◽

Ruth M. Nickels ◽

Wolfgang Metzger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Length Distribution ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Male And Female ◽

Thickness Skin ◽

Future Clinical Practice ◽

Male Donor ◽

Female Donor

Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies exclusively use epididymal fat tissue of male donor mice as a source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF-based approaches may be applied in both male and female patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization capacity of MVF isolated from the epididymal and peri-ovarian fat tissue of male and female donor mice. Freshly isolated MVF from male and female donors did not differ in their number, length distribution, viability and cellular composition. After their assembly into spheroids, they also exhibited a comparable in vitro sprouting activity. Moreover, they could be seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into full-thickness skin defects within mouse dorsal skinfold chambers. Repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a comparable vascularization and incorporation of implants seeded with MVF of male and female origin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the vascularization capacity of MVF is not gender-specific.

Download Full-text

Effect of Soybean Meal Substitution by Raw Chickpea Seeds on Thermal Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Waldemar Paszkiewicz ◽

Siemowit Muszyński ◽

Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽

Mykola Zhyla ◽

Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

In this study, the effect of soybean meal substitution by raw chickpea seeds on the thermal properties and fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat tissue of broiler chickens was examined. The experiment, performed on Ross 308 chickens, lasted for 42 days. Tight subcutaneous fat tissue was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements while the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue was determined chromatographically. There was no effect of soybean meal substitution on fat crystallization temperature or crystallization enthalpy. However, the total calorimetric enthalpy of the melting of low-melting monounsaturated and saturated triacylglycerols differed between groups. Fatty acid proportions in the subcutaneous fat tissue of broiler chickens were also altered. Among others, chickpea seed inclusion decreased the content of main saturated acid (palmitic acid) and increased the content of main monounsaturated (oleic) and tri-unsaturated (linolenic) acids. The results show that the soybean meal substitution by raw chickpea seeds in the feed can affect the structural properties of adipose tissue in broiler chickens, including the thermal transformation of unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the numerous physiological functions of subcutaneous fat tissue, understanding these mechanisms can promote the use of alternative protein both in poultry and human nutrition.

Download Full-text

FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A FAT MOBILIZING EFFECT OF ANDROGENS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0450427 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 427-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zvi Laron ◽

Avivah Kowadlo-Silbergeld

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Female Rats ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

ABSTRACT Groups of starved female rats were treated with either testosterone propionate, 19-norandrostenolone phenylpropionate (Nandrolone, Durabolin) or bovine growth hormone (BGH). The effect of these hormones on the concentration of the plasma unesterified fatty acids (UFA) was then studied in blood withdrawn from the heart daily. As controls groups of rats were treated with either oil or saline, i. e. the vehicles for the above named hormones. It was found that both testosterone and Nandrolone caused a marked increase in plasma UFA concentrations, similar to the effects obtained by growth hormone. Accepting UFA as an index of the metabolic activity of adipose tissue, it is concluded that testosterone and its less androgenic derivative Nandrolone possess fat mobilizing properties. In view of the fact that during puberty in boys the subcutaneous fat tissue decreases as compared with girls and that eunuchs have a tendency to obesity, it is suggested that androgens play an active physiological role in adipose tissue metabolism.

Download Full-text

CRP, HbA1c, lipid, and biochemical parameters and their relation with maternal visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness

TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/sag-1404-100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Müzeyyen DURAN ◽

Aydın KÖŞÜŞ ◽

Nermin KÖŞÜŞ ◽

Nilgün TURHAN

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Download Full-text

Mechanical Behaviour of the Subcutaneous Fat Layer

ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference ◽

10.1115/sbc2007-176364 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

M. Geerligs ◽

G. W. M. Peters ◽

C. W. J. Oomens ◽

P. Ackermans ◽

F. P. T. Baaijens

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Experimental Work ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Mechanical Model ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Mechanical Modeling ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

A very important function of the human subcutaneous fat layer is to act as a mechanical cushion. However, prolonged loading may result in damage such as pressure ulcers. Depending on the severity and origin of the ulcer, skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle can be affected. The aetiology of pressure ulcers is still poorly understood; it is not even clear whether wounds start to develop in skin, in the fat layer or even in deeper layers [1]. One of the tools used to better understand the way mechanical loading affects tissues is mechanical modeling. The success of a mechanical model strongly depends on the constitutive equations that are used to describe the mechanical properties obtained with experimental work. For skin and muscle much is already known, but a tremendous lack of data is found regarding the properties of adipose tissue. In the case of the subcutaneous fat tissue, very few of the mechanical properties have been determined experimentally.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D3 increases in abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue after supplementation with vitamin D3

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-14-0870 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 172 (3) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Allan Didriksen ◽

Anders Burild ◽

Jette Jakobsen ◽

Ole Martin Fuskevåg ◽

Rolf Jorde

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

The Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the amount of vitamin D3stored in adipose tissue after long-term supplementation with high dose vitamin D3.DesignA cross-sectional study on 29 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance who had participated in a randomized controlled trial with vitamin D320 000 IU (500 μg) per week vs placebo for 3–5 years.MethodsAbdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was obtained by needle biopsy for the measurements of vitamin D3and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3). Body fat was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25(OH)D3level was quantified.ResultsIn the subjects given vitamin D3, the median concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3, fat vitamin D3, and fat 25(OH)D3were 99 nmol/l, 209 ng/g, and 3.8 ng/g, respectively; and correspondingly in the placebo group 62 nmol/l, 32 ng/g, and 2.5 ng/g. If assuming an equal amount of vitamin D3stored in all adipose tissue in the body, the median body store was 6.6 mg vitamin D3and 0.12 mg 25(OH)D3in those given vitamin D3.ConclusionsSubcutaneous adipose tissue may store large amounts of vitamin D3. The clinical importance of this storage needs to be determined.

Download Full-text

Lupus mastitis

Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde ◽

10.47671/tvg.77.20.155 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N. WILLERS ◽

P. BERTELOOT ◽

I. WITTEVRONGHEL ◽

G. JACOMEN ◽

V. SCHELFHOUT ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Breast Lesion ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Lupus Panniculitis ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

History Of ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Lupus mastitis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) infrequently presents itself as lupus panniculitis. In lupus panniculitis the subcutaneous fat tissue is involved in the inflammatory process. Lupus mastitis is again a rare variant of lupus panniculitis, probably caused by an immune-mediated inflammatory process. In literature on the topic we can find 30 cases of lupus mastitis in men and women. Lupus mastitis may present like a breast lesion suspected to be malignant, clinically and radiologically. In the differential diagnosis we consider inflammatory breast cancer, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) and diabetes mastopathy. With a medical history of SLE and signs of inflammation of the skin above the lesion however, a diagnosis of lupus mastopathy is more presumable. Medical treatment seems more indicated in lupus mastitis, because delayed healing after surgical procedures is often reported. Even though methylprednisolone and chloroquine give clinical improvement, they need to be repeated often because of a high risk of relapse.

Download Full-text