scholarly journals Epidemiology, Treatments, and Vaccine Development for Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Current Strategies and Future Directions

Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Y Lin ◽  
Paul C Adamson ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Future Directions

Vaccine against scabies: necessity and possibility

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOSONG LIU ◽  
SHELLEY WALTON ◽  
KATE MOUNSEY
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms

SUMMARYScabies is an infectious disease that is endemic in poorly resourced communities, and also common in industrialized countries. Although the disease, which is caused by infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei, is generally mild, the need for a vaccine against S. scabiei is proposed. The immunological mechanisms that control S. scabiei infection are discussed and the current status of scabies vaccine development reviewed. Future directions for scabies vaccine development are also addressed.

Vaccine Development Against HIV-1 Current Perspectives and Future Directions

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Edgeworth ◽  
Homero San Juan ◽  
Jason A Rosenzweig ◽  
Nang L Nguyen ◽  
Jean D Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hiv 1

Human Experimentation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Rationale, Methods, and Implications for the Biology of Infection and Vaccine Development

1994 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Cohen ◽  
J. G. Cannon ◽  
A. E. Jerse ◽  
L. M. Charniga ◽  
S. F. Isbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Human Experimentation

scholarly journals HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muni Rubens ◽  
Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy ◽  
Anshul Saxena ◽  
Nancy Shehadeh ◽  
Sandeep Appunni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The specific aim of this paper is to review recent vaccine efficacy trials and associated advancements and discuss the current challenges and future directions. Recombinant DNA technologies greatly facilitated development of many viral products which were later incorporated into vectors for effective vaccines. Over the years, a number of scientific approaches have gained popularity and include the induction of neutralizing antibodies in late 1980s, induction of CD8 T cell in early 1990s, and combination approaches currently. Scientists have hypothesized that stimulation of right sequences of somatic hypermutations could induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of effective neutralization and viral elimination. Studies have shown that a number of host and viral factors affect these processes. Similarly, eliciting specific CD8 T cells immune responses through DNA vaccines hold future promises. In summary, future studies should focus on the continuous fight between host immune responses and ever-evasive viral factors for effective vaccines.

Anti‐HIV Therapy: Pipeline Approaches and Future Directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
L.K. Dwivedi ◽  
Mansi Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with about 30 million deaths and double infections in developing countries, is an open challenge today for global scientists. Developing safe and effective measurements against it has become the prime need of hour. Though, putting it at health priority, various efforts like chemotherapy, immune activation through vaccine development and others are made globally over the last decade. Consequently, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) was introduced but fails to completely block the viral replication due to drug resistance and various other severe side effects. Moreover, the antigenic variability and lack of appropriate experimental models has backed it to be a great puzzle. However, to overcome the present hurdles and to emerge a preventive HIV vaccine, efforts at various platforms are continued. A renewed, coordinated research, preclinical studies, clinical trials together with sufficient long term scientific and commercial commitments are made. Few of the therapeutic efforts viz. RNA interference (RNAi) and nanotechnology based approaches to control the HIV, viral enzymes’ inhibitors and various preclinically trialed vaccines are reviewed in this paper. Also, the observed toxicity of existing therapeutic regimen, key challenges and future prospects for the development of better tolerated prophylactic HIV‐1 vaccine are discussed.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections—Update on Drug Treatment and Vaccine Development

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Amber Jefferson ◽  
Amanda Smith ◽  
Pius S. Fasinu ◽  
Dorothea K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Successful Vaccine ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Status

Background: Sexually transmitted gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae, continues to be a serious global health challenge despite efforts to eradicate it. Multidrug resistance among clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates has limited treatment options, and attempts to develop vaccines have not been successful. Methods: A search of published literature was conducted, and information extracted to provide an update on the status of therapeutics and vaccine development for gonorrheal infection. Results: Recommended pharmacological treatment for gonorrhea has changed multiple times due to increasing acquisition of resistance to existing antibiotics by N. gonorrhoeae. Only broad-spectrum cephalosporin-based combination therapies are currently recommended for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital and anorectal gonococcal infections. With the reported emergence of ceftriaxone resistance, successful strategies addressing the global burden of gonorrhea must include vaccination. Century-old efforts at developing an effective vaccine against gonorrhea, leading to only four clinical trials, have not yielded any successful vaccine. Conclusions: While it is important to continue to explore new drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea, the historical trend of resistance acquisition suggests that any long-term strategy should include vaccine development. Advanced technologies in proteomics and in silico approaches to vaccine target identification may provide templates for future success.

scholarly journals The impact of vaccination on Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance and prevalence in men who have sex with men: a mathematical modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke CM Heijne ◽  
Maria Xiridou ◽  
Katy Turner ◽  
Maartje Basten ◽  
Maartje Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Background. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) gonorrhoea infections disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM). Vaccine development is challenging, but a N. meningitidis (group B) vaccine given to children and young adults was associated with a ca. 30% reduction in gonorrhoea diagnoses. We investigated the impact of vaccination on N. gonorrhoeae AMR development and transmission in MSM. Methods. We developed a compartmental model of N. gonorrhoeae transmission among MSM. AMR to ceftriaxone was incorporated as a stepwise increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations and eventual resistance (MIC drift). We estimated the impact of a partially protective vaccine (reducing susceptibility; 2-years protection) targeting high sexual activity MSM on AMR and prevalence until 2050. We performed sensitivity analyses assuming different levels of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and other modes of vaccine action. Findings. Gonorrhoea model prevalence was 3.4% (95% credible interval 3.2% - 3.8%) in all MSM, 12.5% (95% credible interval 12.1% - 12.7%) in high sexual activity MSM. A vaccine with 30% VE cannot prevent AMR, even with high uptake or durable protection. However, it increases time to AMR development by several years. For a fixed uptake of 40% a vaccine needs a minimum VE of 90% to prevent AMR development completely. A vaccine providing complete protection to infection for those vaccinated was most effective in reducing population prevalence and preventing AMR. Interpretation. A vaccine that has limited efficacy for the prevention of gonorrhoea could delay AMR development in MSM, providing time for developing new antimicrobials and more efficacious vaccines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document