Validation of the Greek ORTO-15 questionnaire for the assessment of orthorexia nervosa and its relation to eating disorders symptomatology

Abstract Background Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a construct characterized by behaviors, emotions, and beliefs on eating healthy food and excessive attention to diet; moreover, dieting has been considered a risk factor in ON symptoms development. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the differences in clinical and non-clinical groups most at risk of ON. Aspects that could be associated with ON (Eating Disorders [EDs], obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, perfectionistic traits, anxiety, depression, Body Mass Index [BMI]) were investigated in all groups. Methods The sample consisted of 329 adults belonging to four different groups. Three were on a diet: Anorexia/Bulimia Nervosa group (N = 90), Obesity/Binge Eating Disorder group (N = 54), Diet group (N = 91). The Control group consisted of people who were not following a diet (N = 94). Participants completed several self-administered questionnaires (EHQ-21, EDI-3, OCI-R, MPS, BAI, BDI-II) to assess ON-related features in different groups. Results Analyses highlighted higher orthorexic tendencies in Anorexia/Bulimia Nervosa, Obesity/BED, and Diet groups than in the Control group. Moreover, results have shown that in the AN/BN group, eating disorders symptomatology and a lower BMI were related to ON and that in Obesity/Binge Eating Disorder and Diet groups, perfectionism traits are associated with ON. Conclusion Individuals who pursue a diet share some similarities with those who have an eating disorder regarding emotions, behaviors, and problems associated with orthorexic tendencies. Moreover, perfectionistic traits seem to predispose to higher ON tendencies. In general, these results confirm the ON as an aspect of the main eating disorders category.

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Determining Orthorexia Nervosa Tendency among the Students of Health Sciences Faculty: The Case of Artvin Coruh University

Archives of Current Research International ◽

10.9734/acri/2019/v17i230105 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Eda Dokumacioglu ◽

Kudret Badem ◽

Uçar Kucuk

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

University Students ◽

General Term ◽

Eating Attitudes ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Male Students ◽

Survey Form ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Research Population

Eating disorders is a general term used for grouping all the problems related to eating attitudes under one title and for expressing these problems. Orthorexia nervosa (ON), also known as “obsession of healthy eating” recently happened to be the research topic of clinicians worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between eating attitudes and orthorexia nervosa in university students. The research population was comprised of 379 university students in the departments of nutrition and dietetics and nursing. The data was collected by the survey form questioning some of the socio-demographic and anthropometric properties of the students; and as for the data collection tool, ON tendency was determined by ORTHO-11 test and the information regarding anorexia and buliminia nervosa was gathered by “Eating Manner Test (EAT-40). Mean age of the students was found as 20.09±1.47 years, mean body weight as 60.55±10.01 kg, and mean height as 168.08±7.91 cm. Mean BMI of the all participating students is found as 21.6±2.12 as normal weight (18.5-24.9). EAT-40 points of the female were found to be significantly higher in comparison to that of the male (p<0.05). ORTHO-11 points of the male students were found to be significantly higher as compared to that of female students (p<0.05). Eating disorders will tend to increase as long as the concepts of beauty, good look and appeal are based on low body mass index. We also believe that the youg population who are most influenced by such popular trends need to acquire truly healthy nutrition habits through training and increase their quality of life.

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Does the rise in eating disorders lead to increasing risk of orthorexia nervosa? Correlations with gender, education, and body mass index

Ecology of Food and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/03670244.2016.1150276 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 266-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nevin Sanlier ◽

Emine Yassibas ◽

Saniye Bilici ◽

Gulsah Sahin ◽

Bülent Celik

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Gender Education ◽

Increasing Risk

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Use of online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires to assess the distribution of orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders among university students: can different approaches lead to different results?

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity ◽

10.1007/s40519-021-01231-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ilaria Silvia Rossella Gorrasi ◽

Cinzia Ferraris ◽

Raffaella Degan ◽

Giovanni Abbate Daga ◽

Simona Bo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Test Scores ◽

Response Rate ◽

Muscle Dysmorphia ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Paper And Pencil ◽

Eat 26

Abstract Purpose Administration of questionnaires to assess the diffusion of disordered eating behaviours via the web is becoming common today. The aim of this study is to assess whether two different approaches of administering a test to assess traits of eating disorders (EDs), orthorexia nervosa (ON) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) by email recruitment and online completion (web-based survey—WBS) and by in person recruitment and paper-and-pencil completion (paper-based survey—PBS), gives different results. Methods During 2 consecutive academic years, a self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions about personal characteristics and three tests for the evaluation of ON (ORTO-15), MD (MDDI-ITA), and EDs (EAT-26) were administered to two groups of undergraduates, respectively, as a WBS and a PBS. Results The WBS response rate was 6.7% (N = 137), and the PBS response rate was 86.5% (N = 372). The WBS group showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of students with eating disordered behaviours (21.2% vs 5.4%) and registered a higher mean score on the EAT-26 test (13.5 ± 11.1 vs 6.0 ± 8.0); no differences between the two groups emerged for ON and MD prevalence and test scores. Moreover, in the WBS group, the number of students with one or more tests with test scores above the cut-off values was significantly higher (46.0% vs 32.3%). Conclusion The choice of the approach to administer a questionnaire to assess the diffusion of EDs and related issues must take into account all the factors that can result in selection bias and that can affect the reliability of the results. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey.

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Orthorexia Nervosa- As an Eating Disorder

Edelweiss Psychiatry Open Access ◽

10.33805/2638-8073.103 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Orçun Avşar

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Food Quantity ◽

Quality Of Food ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Food Consumed

Clean dieting trends are increasingly spreading worldwide and being very popular. Researchers and clinicians are very interested in a situation (orthorexia nervosa) that individuals restrict their diet according to the quality of the food consumed. There are several similarities and differences between orthorexia nervosa and eating disorders. While patients with eating disorders focus on food quantity, orthorexic individuals focus on pure and quality of food. Orthorexia nervosa is not weight loss fast but enormous phobia about eating only ‘clean and pure’ foods. Orthorexia nervosa should be classified as a new eating disorder or at least a new neuropsychiatric disorder. Further studies about nutrional, cognitive, and eating habits of ON have to be done in order to determine clearly the hypercorrect position of orthorexia nervosa.

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Orthorexia Nervosa: history of the term, diagnostic criteria, and place among known eating disorders

Science and Education a New Dimension ◽

10.31174/send-pp2021-245ix96-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol IX(245) (96) ◽

pp. 64-74

Author(s):

M. S. Fatieieva

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

History Of

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Orthorexia nervosa and dieting in a non-clinical sample: a prospective study

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity ◽

10.1007/s40519-021-01353-8 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Caterina Novara ◽

Susanna Pardini ◽

Francesco Visioli ◽

Nicola Meda

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Previous Diagnosis ◽

A Prospective Study

Abstract Purpose Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterised by excessive attention to a dietary regimen perceived as healthy. A critical factor in the distinction between ON and other eating disorders (EDs) is the dichotomy of quality-versus-quantity of food intake. We investigated whether specific types of diet or dieting frequency are associated with orthorexic features, explored the overlap between ON and EDs symptoms, and examined which constructs are predictive of ON after 6 months. Methods A total of 1075 students (75.1% female, mean age 20.9) completed a set of questionnaires assessing Orthorexia, Eating Disorders, Obsessions and Compulsions, Anxiety and Depression; 358 individuals (79.9 female, mean age 20.9) agreed to participate in the study and completed the same questionnaires after 6 months. Different regression models were defined to investigate our hypothesis. Results Findings suggest that ON is associated with the number and type of diets followed over a lifetime. Moreover, participants with EDs, body dissatisfaction, or a dysfunctional idea of thinness are more likely to report a greater degree of ON features. After 6 months, the best predictors of ON characteristics are the same ON characteristics assessed at the first administration, with a significant role in the ideal of thinness. Conclusions ON is more frequent in individuals with a previous diagnosis of EDs and in individuals who followed a restrictive diet or a vegan/vegetarian one; the number of lifetime diets, beliefs, and behaviors related to the ideals of thinness or body dissatisfaction is common features of ON. Moreover, considering that having ON features in the past is the best ON predictor in the present, we can presume that ON is a construct stable over time. Level of evidence Level IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (NB: Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence).

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To the question about the prevalence of prenosological forms of eating disorders among students of a medical university

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2008-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Anna Aleksandrovna Voitovich ◽

Taisiya Valerievna Milashevskaya ◽

Aleksandra Olegovna Moskvina

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Risk Group ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Significance Level ◽

Average Value ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Medical University

Today eating disorders and metabolic disorders are increasingly observed among the adult and children’s population. One of the ways to prevent these pathologies is the timely detection and correction of prenosological forms, one of them is orthorexia neurosa. The aim of our study was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of the manifestation of orthorexia nervosa (ON) among students. A survey was conducted among 60 students of a medical university with the «ORTO-15» and the «Food Frequency Questionnaire questionnaires» to obtain the necessary data. We took into account the height and weight of students and calculated body mass index (BMI) according to the Kettle’s formula. The results were statistically processed and calculated the average value (M), the deviation from the average (m). The correlation dependence between the values was estimated by the nonparametric Spearman’s coefficient (p). The data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 and a significance level of at least 95 %. The study showed a high prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among the examined individuals (in 80 % of cases, signs of ON were determined). The average BMI was 24.35 ± 5.3 among men and 20.9 ± 4.7 among girls. The normal BMI values among men were determined reliably more often than among girls (p˂0.05). In this case, a correlation between the values of BMI and the severity of signs of orthorexia nervosa was not found among students. According to the results of the «Food Frequency Questionnaire», a significant concern was identified with nutrition issues, both among girls and men. The above allowed us to conclude that the subjects examined constituted a risk group for the formation of mental disorders and eating disorders.

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