Prevalence of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Among Baltimore City Adults in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Dingfen Han ◽  
Michele K. Evans ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
Chiadi E. Ndumele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Baltimore City

Cigarette Smoking Increases Thromboxane A2 Formation without Affecting Platelet Survival in Young Healthy Females

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Dotevall ◽  
Christina Rångemark ◽  
Elsa Eriksson ◽  
Jack Kutti ◽  
Hans Wadenvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Pai 1

SummarySmoking is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, in men as well as in women. An increased urinary excretion of the thromboxane metabolite 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 (Tx-M) has been observed in smokers of both genders, suggesting that cigarette smoking may facilitate cardiovascular disease via an action on the platelets. The present study addressed the hypothesis that the increased Tx-M excretion in female smokers reflects a true facilitation of platelet reactivity in vivo, rather than an increased destruction of the platelets. In healthy female volunteers (aged 20–46 years, 18 smokers and 17 non-smokers) platelet life-span and indices of platelet activity were determined, together with plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, peripheral blood cell counts and hematocrit. The urinary excretion of Tx-M was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (361 vs. 204 pg/mg creatinine, respectively, p <0.05), while plasma and urinary β-thromboglobulin, plasma platelet factor 4, platelet mean life-span and platelet production rate did not differ between the groups. PAI-1 activity, white blood cell count and hematocrit were higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p <0.05). These data indicate that smoking facilitates platelet formation of thromboxane A2 without affecting platelet survival; i.e. it increases the activity of platelets without affecting their viability to a measurable extent. Such an increase in platelet activity, operating in parallel to a reduced fibrinolytic activity and a higher hematocrit and white blood cell count, may play an etiological role in smoking-induced cardiovascular disease in women.

Association with Longevity of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 Gene Variants Stems from Protection against Mortality Risk in Men with Cardiovascular Disease

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Donlon ◽  
Randi Chen ◽  
Kamal H. Masaki ◽  
Bradley J. Willcox ◽  
Brian J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Genetic variation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reregulatory subunit 1 gene (<i>PIK3R1</i>) is associated with longevity. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects this association. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a longitudinal study of longevity-associated <i>PIK3R1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphism <i>rs7709243</i> genotype by CVD status in 3,584 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline (1991–1993), 2,254 subjects had CVD and 1,314 did not. The follow-up until Dec 31, 2019 found that overall, men with a CVD had higher mortality than men without a CVD (<i>p</i> = 1.7 × 10<sup>−5</sup>). However, survival curves of CVD subjects differed according to <i>PIK3R1</i> genotype. Those with longevity-associated <i>PIK3R1 TT</i>/<i>CC</i> had survival curves similar to those of subjects without a CVD (<i>p</i> = 0.11 for <i>TT</i>/<i>CC</i>, and <i>p</i> = 0.054 for <i>TC</i>), whereas survival curves for CVD subjects with the <i>CT</i> genotype were significantly attenuated compared with survival curves of subjects without a CVD (<i>p</i> = 0.0000012 compared with <i>TT</i>/<i>CC</i>, and <i>p</i> = 0.0000028 compared with <i>TC</i>). Men without CVD showed no association of longevity-associated genotype with life span (<i>p</i> = 0.58). Compared to subjects without any CVD, hazard ratios for mortality risk were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14–1.39; <i>p</i> = 0.0000043) for <i>CT</i> subject with CVD and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.17; <i>p</i> = 0.097) for <i>CC</i>/<i>TT</i> subjects with CVD. There was no genotypic effect on life span for 1,007 subjects with diabetes and 486 with cancer. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study provides novel insights into the basis for <i>PIK3R1</i> as a longevity gene. We suggest that the <i>PIK3R1</i> longevity genotype attenuates mortality risk in at-risk individuals by protection against cellular stress caused by CVD.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet: Role in Healthy Aging

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Kristine Stromsnes ◽  
Angela G. Correas ◽  
Jenny Lehmann ◽  
Juan Gambini ◽  
Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is a physiological process involved in the defenses of the body and the repair of tissues. It is acutely activated by infections, trauma, toxins, or allergic reactions. However, if it becomes chronic, inflammation can end up stimulating the development of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, neurological disease, or cancer. Additionally, during aging, inflammation becomes increasingly more chronic. Furthermore, we found that certain foods, such as saturated fats, have pro-inflammatory activity. Taking this into account, in this review we have discussed different diets with possible anti-inflammatory activity, the commonly ingested components of each diet and their active compounds. In addition, we have proposed some dietary guidelines, as well as a list of compounds present in foods with anti-inflammatory activity, outlining how to combine them to achieve optimal anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we can conclude that the compounds in our diet with anti-inflammatory activity could help alleviate the inflammatory processes derived from diseases and unhealthy diets, and thereby promote healthy aging.

Abstract P531: FOXO3 , a Cardiovascular Protector, is at the Hub of a 46-gene Cell Resilience “Gene Factory” on Human Chromosome 6

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Morris ◽  
Timothy A Donlon ◽  
Randi Chen ◽  
Kamal H Masaki ◽  
Richard C Allsopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Ctcf Binding ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Disease Etiology

The transcription factor FoxO3 regulates multiple genes involved in cell resilience. We have previously implicated variation in non-coding DNA of the FoxO3 gene ( FOXO3 ) with lower blood pressure, reduced inflammation, less hypertension, reduced coronary heart disease mortality, and longevity. The aim of the present study was to determine transcriptional, genetic and genomic mechanisms involving FOXO3 . By DNA sequencing of chromosome 6q21 in lymphoblastoid cell lines of 95 men who had survived to ≥ 95 years of age we identified 110 FOXO3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thirteen SNPs were at binding sites for 18 transcription factors. Those SNPs appeared to be in physical contact, via RNA polymerase II binding chromatin looping, with sites in the FOXO3 promoter, and likely function together as a cis -regulatory unit. At the chromosome level, FOXO3 was located at the center of a 7.3 Mb 46-gene chromatin domain flanked by gene deserts. We identified distant contact points between FOXO3 and these 46 neighboring genes, through long-range physical contacts via CCCTC-binding factor zinc finger protein (CTCF) binding sites. The genes in this “archipelago” of neighbourhood genes mediate a similar repertoire of functions as FoxO3, including stress resistance, nutrient sensing, cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis and stem cell maintenance. The 7.3 Mb gene domain was highly conserved across species, indicating evolutionary importance. We believe that FOXO3 serves as the hub for an “interactome” involved in healthy aging, including cardiovascular disease reduction, in those with favorable FOXO3 genotypes. In support, we found that cellular stress (H 2 O 2 ) could stimulate FOXO3 expression in 20 lymphoblastoid cell lines, being 3-fold stronger for those with a favorable FOXO3 genotype. In FISH experiments, stress-induced activation of FOXO3 caused it to move towards its neighboring genes as suggested by our genomic data. In conclusion, we have shown, for the first time, that FOXO3 is at the central hub of a gene network on chromosome 6 involved in cell protection and healthy aging. The concept of “gene factories” may apply more broadly to genome and genetic mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease etiology.

scholarly journals A Correlational Study between Microstructural White Matter Properties and Macrostructural Gray Matter Volume Across Normal Ageing: Conjoint DTI and VBM Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1178623X1879992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Pareek ◽  
VP Subramanyam Rallabandi ◽  
Prasun K Roy
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
Axial Diffusivity ◽  
Matter Volume

We investigate the relationship between Gray matter’s volume vis-a-vis White matter’s integrity indices, such Axial diffusivity, Radial diffusivity, Mean diffusivity, and Fractional anisotropy, in individuals undergoing healthy aging. We investigated MRI scans of 177 adults across 20 to 85 years. We used Voxel-based morphometry, and FDT-FSL analysis for estimation of Gray matter volume and White matter’s diffusion indices respectively. Across the life span, we observed an inter-relationship between the Gray matter and White matter, namely that both Axial diffusivity and Mean Diffusivity show strong correlation with Gray matter volume, along the aging process. Furthermore, across all ages the Fractional anisotropy and Mean diffusivity are found to be significantly reduced in females when compared to males, but there are no significant gender differences in Axial Diffusivity and Radial diffusivity. We conclude that for both genders across all ages, the Gray matter’s Volume is strongly correlated with White matter’s Axial Diffusivity and Mean Diffusivity, while being weakly correlated with Fractional Anisotropy. Our study clarifies the multi-scale relationship in brain tissue, by elucidating how the White matter’s micro-structural parameters influences the Gray matter’s macro-structural characteristics, during healthy aging across the life-span.

MORTALITY FROM CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN OREGON

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Victor D. Menashe ◽  
Harold T. Osterud ◽  
Herbert E. Griswold
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Cardiac Malformation ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Weight One

Over one half of the deaths from all congenital malformations were due to congenital cardiovascular disease. There were 496 individuals who died of congenital cardiovascular disease in Oregon during 1957 thru 1961, and three fourths of the deaths occurred in infants under 1 year of age. More males were affected by congenital cardiovascular disease than females, but, when congenital cardiovascular disease was present, the length of survival, as measured by life span, did not differ by sex. One out of every four infants dying of congenital cardiovascular disease was of low birth weight; of these, 60% were over 37 weeks' gestation. However, there was no difference in the life span of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease. This would imply that the significant factor of death in these infants was the cardiac malformation rather than the low birth weight. One out of every three infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had malformations of other systems. Fewer deaths than expected were identified among first born. Fetal deaths were noted more frequently in the population of mothers of children with congenital heart disease than in the overall population. The parental age in this group was significantly higher than in the general population and death rates of infants with congenital cardiovascular disease increased with advancing parental age. Thirty-two percent of the infants who died with congenital cardiovascular disease had single lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment is to be stressed if mortality is to be reduced.

scholarly journals “We understand our community”: implementation of the Healthy Eating Healthy Aging program among community-based organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Leong ◽  
Sou Hyun Jang ◽  
Sonia K Bishop ◽  
Emily V R Brown ◽  
Eun Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Outer Setting ◽  
Inner Setting

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in the USA among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) over the age of 65. Healthy Eating Healthy Aging (HEHA), an evidence-based heart health program, can provide culturally appropriate nutrition education to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are optimal settings to implement community-based programs. However, there is inadequate research on how evidence-based interventions like HEHA are implemented in CBOs. This study examined processes that facilitated the implementation of HEHA among CBOs serving older AAPIs. Twelve representatives from CBOs that implemented the HEHA program were recruited to participate in a semistructured interview. All the participants were CBO directors or senior managers. A semistructured interview guide was created and informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to capture how HEHA played into the five domains of CFIR: (a) intervention characteristics, (b) outer setting, (c) inner setting, (d) characteristics of the individuals, and (e) process. Data analysis captured themes under the CFIR domains. All five CFIR domains emerged from the interviews. Under intervention characteristics, three constructs emerged as facilitating the implementation of HEHA: (a) the participant’s beliefs around the quality of the HEHA program and its ability to promote healthy eating, (b) HEHA’s adaptability to different AAPI subgroups, and (c) perceptions of how successfully HEHA was bundled and assembled. Under outer setting, the participants described the community’s need for healthy eating programs and how the HEHA program meets that need. Four constructs emerged under inner setting: (a) the CBO’s structural characteristics and social standing in the community; (b) resources dedicated to the implementation and ongoing operations, including funding, training, education, physical space, and time; (c) the culture of the CBO; and (d) the participant’s commitment and involvement in marketing, promotion, and implementation of HEHA. Under characteristics of individuals, participants’ described their desire to learn the content of HEHA and deliver them successfully. Under process, participants described strategies to engage relevant individuals to facilitate HEHA implementation. The interviews with CBO representatives provided insights into CFIR domain constructs that facilitated the implementation of HEHA. CBOs are key settings for community health education. Understanding processes that lead to the successful implementation of evidence-based interventions among CBOs is critical for accelerating the dissemination and implementation of best practices.

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