scholarly journals The interactions between habitat, sex, biomass and leaf traits of different willow (Salix) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-412
Author(s):  
Monika Konatowska ◽  
Paweł Rutkowski ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Piotr Goliński ◽  
Kinga Szentner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

AbstractKnowledge of the impacts of sex on plant mortality and biomass production has scientific and practical importance. In the case of willows, we know relatively little about such effects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether the sex of individuals of different willow species determines their biomass and mortality. An additional goal was to determine whether the secondary sex characteristics, such as leaf traits, depend on sex. The experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2014 with 8100 plants comprising 150 willow genotypes, including 8 species, 16 interspecies hybrids, cultivars, and specimens differentiated by sex. Statistical analysis of the leaf traits revealed their relationship to sex. On average, male specimens have longer and wider leaves. They also have longer petioles. Males of the studied Salix genotypes were characterized by higher biomass and showed a greater survival rate than females but only under better site conditions; when the site conditions were poorer, males had higher mortality than females.

scholarly journals Women’s Preferences for Strong Men Under Perceived Harsh Versus Safe Ecological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470492110323
Author(s):  
Ray Garza ◽  
Farid Pazhoohi ◽  
Jennifer Byrd-Craven
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
University Women ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Physical Features

Ecological conditions provide information about available resources for one’s environment. In humans, this has been shown to influence reproductive behavior, as individuals may engage in trade-offs between partner quality and investment. For instance, many women may trade-off preferences for men with physical features indicative of social dominance and health over physical features indicative of commitment and investment. The current study explored women’s preferences for formidable men under safe vs. harsh ecological conditions. Across three studies, U.S. university women ( N = 1,098) were randomly assigned to a perceived harsh or safe ecological condition. They were asked to rate the attractiveness of men’s body types (i.e., muscular vs. less muscular). Findings revealed that in general, women rated stronger men as more attractive than weaker men irrespective of the ecological condition. Evidence for preference as a function of ecology appeared only when a two-alternative forced-choice task was used (Study 3), but not in rating tasks (Studies 1 and 2). Study 3 showed that women had a relatively stronger preference for stronger men for short-term relationships in a resource scarce ecological condition. This research provides some evidence that perceived ecological conditions can drive women’s preferences for men with enhanced secondary sex characteristics as a function of mating context. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating the importance of physical characteristics in men’s attractiveness, and it adds to the existing literature on ecological factors and mating preferences.

scholarly journals A Multiepoch Regression Model used in Geodesy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Kubáček ◽  
Ludmila Kubáčková
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Replicated Measurements

An investigation of the deformations of large buildings (bridges, dams, etc.) needs replicated measurements in special types of geodetical networks. They are characterized by two groups of points creating the network; one group is formed by points with stable positions and the other one is formed by points located on the building and characterizing its deformations. A statistical analysis of measurement results is done after each epoch ofmeasurement and also after several epochs. It is of a practical importance to develop an algorithm of estimation which enables us to use the partial results obtained after each epoch for results after several epochs.

GYNECOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
John W. Huffman ◽  
Elsie Wieczorowski
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Special Clinic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phases Of Development

THE DISCUSSANTS began the round table with a few general comments concerning various phases of development of the female. At birth and for the first week or more of life, the effects of maternal hormones on the newborn infant may be evidenced by hypertrophy of the breasts, prominence of the genitalia with nonpurulent vaginal secretion and occasional uterine bleeding. Throughout the remainder of infancy, until late childhood, there are no changes in the genitalia, and the mucosa of the vagina remains shrunken, producing little or no secretion. From the period of late childhood to early adolescence—that phase extending from the first menstrual period until the onset of ovulation—secondary sex characteristics develop and the vaginal mucosa undergoes cornification, becomes succulent and produces an increased quantity of secretion. Late adolescence is defined as that phase from the first ovulation to full maturity. The phases of adolescence are never clearly demarcated. Certain pathologic conditions commonly seen in female children were then described. The relative incidence of these conditions as seen in a special clinic reflects their incidence in a general pediatric practice. Nonspecific Vulvovaginitis The majority of children (75%) are referred to the gynecologic clinic because of vulvovaginitis. Of these, 75% are found to have nonspecific vulvovaginitis. Etiologic agents and their relative incidence in the remainder of patients are: monilia, 15%; foreign body, 5%; and infections due to trichomonas, gonococcus and pinworms, 5%. Children under 10 years of age are most commonly affected. Those found to have vulvovaginitis due to fungi have usually given a history of recent antibiotic therapy.

Correlation of Nitrite Oxide with Severity and Survival Rate of Sepsis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Sotianingsih Sotianingsih ◽  
Budi Mulyono ◽  
Andaru Dahesihdewi ◽  
Samsirun Halim ◽  
Ahmad Syauqi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
P Values ◽  
Nitrite Oxide ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Survivor Group ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Difference Test

The objective of this research was to determine the correlation between Nitric Oxide (NO) levels with the severity ofsepsis, to describe the kinetics of NO levels, and to evaluate it in predicting mortality. This research was a longitudinal cohortobservational analytical study. The variables were serum NO levels and SOFA scores, which were serially evaluated. Thecorrelation test and difference test were used for statistical analysis. The survivor and the non-survivor group consisted of 14(41.18%) and 20 (58.82%) patients, respectively. There was a correlation between serum NO levels and the SOFA score at the24-hour observation (r=0.403; p=0.041). Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no kinetics of NOth levels at 0, 24, 72, and 144-hour observation (p-values =0.897 and 0.703, respectively). NO levels > 111,16 μmol/L at the 24hour could predict the risk of death with hazard ratio 4.7 compared to NO levels < 111,16 μmol/L. The survival rate ofpatients with serum NO levels <111,16 μmol/L and > 111,16 μmol/L was 83.3% and 37.5%, respectively. There was acorrelation between serum NO levels and SOFA scores at the 24-hour observation. However, there was no kinetics of NOlevels at serial evaluations. Nitric oxide levels with a cut-off of 111,16 μmol/L at 24 hours could predict the survival of septicth patients. Utilization of serum NO level at 24 hour can be used to evaluate the severity of septic patients and aggressivemanagement if there is an increase in serum NO levels > 111,16 μmol/L at 24 hours.

Elastic Matching Techniques for Handwritten Character Recognition

2008 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Seiichi Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Handwritten Character Recognition ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Handwritten Character ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Matching Models ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Matching Techniques

This chapter reviews various elastic matching techniques for handwritten character recognition. Elastic matching is formulated as an optimization problem of planar matching, or pixel-to-pixel correspondence, between two character images under a certain matching model, such as affine and nonlinear. Use of elastic matching instead of rigid matching improves the robustness of recognition systems against geometric deformations in handwritten character images. In addition, the optimized matching represents the deformation of handwritten characters and thus is useful for statistical analysis of the deformation. This chapter argues the general property of elastic matching techniques and their classification by matching models and optimization strategies. It also argues various topics and future work related to elastic matching for emphasizing theoretical and practical importance of elastic matching.

scholarly journals Serum lactic dehydrogenase as a prognostic tool for non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Ferraris ◽  
P Giuntini ◽  
GF Gaetani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Prognostic Tool ◽  
Histologic Classification ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase

Abstract Serum LDH levels have been found to be significantly increased in non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, both histiocytic and lymphocytic. The duration of survival of NHL negatively correlates with the level of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and statistical analysis reveals that patients with lower levels of LDH have a longer survival rate than the patients with higher LDH activity, irrespective of their histologic classification. The analysis of the results by the Test for Trend in Prognosis allows us to establish that the correlation of the rate of survival and LDH levels is independent from other clinical parameters.

scholarly journals High DHEAS Is Associated With Earlier Pubertal Events in Girls But Not in Boys

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pereira ◽  
German Iñiguez ◽  
Camila Corvalan ◽  
Verónica Mericq
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Premature Adrenarche ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Premature adrenarche (PA) has been associated with increased metabolic risk. Objective: To describe the risk of precocious thelarche (PT; &lt;8 years), pubarche (PP; girls &lt;8 years, boys &lt;9 years), and gonadarche (PG; &lt;9 years) in children with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS [HD]) vs those with normal DHEAS (ND). Setting and Intervention: Longitudinal Chilean cohort (n = 1052, 49.9% girls). Annual clinical examination including secondary sex characteristics by Tanner staging. Logistic regression models were adjusted by age and BMI. Main Outcome: Assess the relationship between DHEAS and premature thelarche, gonadarche, and pubarche in both sexes. Results: At age of DHEAS determination, overweight/obesity was present in 44.3% of boys and 42.9% of girls. Incidences of any precocious event were observed in 17.2% of boys and in 25.4% of girls, presented as 8.7% of PG and 8.5% of PP in boys and as 21.3% of PT and 4.1% of PP in girls. In crude and adjusted models in boys, HD did not increase the risk of earlier pubertal events. Conversely, girls with HD had a 2.6 times greater risk of early thelarche and a three times greater risk of early pubarche compared with girls with ND concentrations. Conclusion: In Chilean adolescents, precocious events of pubertal development were in line with the worldwide secular trend of earlier sexual maturation. HD was only associated with PT and PP in girls. Continuous follow-up of this cohort is a unique opportunity to prospectively address and analyze the interrelationships among HD, early growth, and adiposity as determinants of gonadarche, pubertal rate/sequence progression, and ovarian function.

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