scholarly journals Corporate digital responsibility (CDR) in construction engineering—ethical guidelines for the application of digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) in user practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Weber-Lewerenz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Construction Engineering

AbstractDigitization is developing fast and has become a powerful tool for digital planning, construction and operations, for instance digital twins. Now is the right time for constructive approaches and to apply ethics-by-design in order to develop and implement a safe and efficient artificial intelligence (AI) application. So far, no study has addressed the key research question: Where can corporate digital responsibility (CDR) be allocated, and how shall an adequate ethical framework be designed to support digital innovations in order to make full use of the potentials of digitization and AI? Therefore, the research on how best practices meet their corporate responsibility in the digital transformation process and the requirements of the EU for trustworthy AI and its human-friendly use is essential. Its transformation bears a high potential for companies, is critical for success and thus, requires responsible handling. This study generates data by conducting case studies and interviewing experts as part of the qualitative method to win profound insights into applied practice. It provides an assessment of demands stated in the Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations (SDGs), White Papers on AI by international institutions, European Commission and German Government requesting the consideration and protection of values and fundamental rights, the careful demarcation between machine (artificial) and human intelligence and the careful use of such technologies. The study discusses digitization and the impacts of AI in construction engineering from an ethical perspective. This research critically evaluates opportunities and risks concerning CDR in construction industry. To the author’s knowledge, no study has set out to investigate how CDR in construction could be conceptualized, especially in relation to digitization and AI, to mitigate digital transformation both in large, medium- and small-sized companies. This study applies a holistic, interdisciplinary, inclusive approach to provide guidelines for orientation and examine benefits as well as risks of AI. Furthermore, the goal is to define ethical principles which are key for success, resource-cost-time efficiency and sustainability using digital technologies and AI in construction engineering to enhance digital transformation. This study concludes that innovative corporate organizations starting new business models are more likely to succeed than those dominated by a more conservative, traditional attitude.

Corporate Digital Responsibility in Construction Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Bianca Weber-Lewerenz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Project Life Cycle ◽  
Digital Planning ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Project Life

Digitization has become a powerful tool for digital planning, construction, and operations with high potential for improved project life cycle. The study discusses digitization and AI from an ethical perspective. After an introduction on the relation of moral and technology and the evaluation of corporate responsibilities in digital environments, the study leads to fields of using AI with developers' and users' ethical responsibilities. The scientific approach examines challenges and potential of human led technologies undergoing digital transformation. The construction industry is challenged by CDR in an era of increasing artificial intelligence (AI) application. As a result of the high demand in both technological development and value-based decision making, CDR in construction examines holistically responsible digitization and AI. It reviews status quo and its ethical framework by law. A key consideration in the ethical impact on AI is differing between human and artificial intelligence as mandatory requirement to define risks, potential, areas of application.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Business: Legal Regulations, Economic Impact and Perspective

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas ◽  
Luis Miguel Garay Gallastegui
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Digital Disruption

Digital transformation can be defined as the integration of new technologies into all areas of a company. This technological integration will ultimately imply a need to transform traditional business models. Similarly, artificial intelligence has been one of the most disruptive technologies of recent decades, with a high potential impact on business and people. Cognitive approaches that simulate both human behavior and thinking are leading to advanced analytical models that help companies to boost sales and customer engagement, improve their operational efficiency, improve their services and, in short, generate new relevant information from data. These decision-making models are based on descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics. This necessitates the existence of a legal framework that regulates all digital changes with uniformity between countries and helps a proper digital transformation process under a clear regulation. On the other hand, it is essential that this digital disruption is not slowed down by the regulatory framework. This work will demonstrate that AI and digital transformation will be an intrinsic part of many applications and will therefore be universally deployed. However, this implementation will have to be done under common regulations and in line with the new reality.

scholarly journals An Ethical Framework for the Design, Development, Implementation, and Assessment of Drones Used in Public Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2867-2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Cawthorne ◽  
Aimee Robbins-van Wynsberghe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Ethical Guidelines

Abstract The use of drones in public healthcare is suggested as a means to improve efficiency under constrained resources and personnel. This paper begins by framing drones in healthcare as a social experiment where ethical guidelines are needed to protect those impacted while fully realizing the benefits the technology offers. Then we propose an ethical framework to facilitate the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones used in public healthcare. Given the healthcare context, we structure the framework according to the four bioethics principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, plus a fifth principle from artificial intelligence ethics: explicability. These principles are abstract which makes operationalization a challenge; therefore, we suggest an approach of translation according to a values hierarchy whereby the top-level ethical principles are translated into relevant human values within the domain. The resulting framework is an applied ethics tool that facilitates awareness of relevant ethical issues during the design, development, implementation, and assessment of drones in public healthcare.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation for Sustainability: A Qualitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wail El hilali ◽  
Abdellah El Manouar ◽  
Mohammed Abdou Janati Idrissi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

In the digital era, finding a new way to conduct business becomes mandatory. The risk of disruption, the bloody competition, the change in customer behaviours and the scarcity of resources, these are few of many drivers that force companies to change their business models and adapt to the new market reality. Digital transformation emerged as a recent concept that help companies to best leverage digital capabilities such as Big data, Internet of things, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a qualitative analysis on three big size companies in order to enrich the literature on this concept and to discuss whether or not companies could reach sustainability during their transformation journeys. The three in-depth case studies showed that customers, data, competition and innovation are four dimensions of digital transformation that have an impact on the companies’ sustainability actions. We proposed at the end of the article a future research model, composed of 5 hypotheses, to be validated by a future empirical study.

scholarly journals FASTEN IIoT: An Open Real-Time Platform for Vertical, Horizontal and End-To-End Integration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Felipe S. Costa ◽  
Silvia M. Nassar ◽  
Sergio Gusmeroli ◽  
Ralph Schultz ◽  
André G. S. Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Decentralized Decision Making ◽  
End To End

The Industry 4.0 paradigm, since its initial conception in Germany in 2011, has extended its scope and adoption to a broader set of technologies. It is being considered as the most vital mechanism in the production systems lifecycle. It is the key element in the digital transformation of manufacturing industry all over the world. This scenario imposes a set of major unprecedented challenges which require to be overcome. In order to enable integration in horizontal, vertical, and end-to-end formats, one of the most critical aspects of this digital transformation process consists of effectively coupling digital integrated service/products business models with additive manufacturing processes. This integration is based upon advanced AI-based tools for decentralized decision-making and for secure and trusted data sharing in the global value. This paper presents the FASTEN IIoT Platform, which targets to provide a flexible, configurable, and open solution. The platform acts as an interface between the shop floor and the industry 4.0 advanced applications and solutions. Examples of these efforts comprise management, forecasting, optimization, and simulation, by harmonizing the heterogeneous characteristics of the data sources involved while meeting real-time requirements.

scholarly journals Digital transformation in supply chains: Current applications, contributions and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Özden Özkanlısoy ◽  
Erkut Akkartal
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
New Business ◽  
Near Future ◽  
New Business Models

Digital transformation in supply chain management enables businesses to achieve competitive advantage by using their resources more efficiently, to make every stage of their supply chain smarter, more transparent and more efficient, to be closer to individual customer needs, to provide a significant increase in decision-making quality, and to become increasingly flexible in the near future. and provides the advantages of having new business models that will be efficient.Unfortunately, today digital transformation is at the stage of digitization rather than digital transformation due to the high initial investment cost and concerns about the success of applications. In this study, successful digital transformation applications implemented in supply chain management to guide companies and supply chains that have not yet entered the digital transformation process, the advantages provided by these applications and the difficulties of the digital transformation process are discussed.In the study, using qualitative data analysis, open-ended interview questions were applied to a total of 28 companies, and the answers were separated on the basis of sectors and applications and new business models were grouped according to sectors. The advantages of the companies and their supply chains with digital transformation and the difficulties faced in the transformation process are discussed jointly to cover all sectors. The study ends with an evaluation and brief summary of the findings.

scholarly journals The Digital Transformation and Disruption in Business Models of the Banks under the Impact of FinTech and BigTech

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Virginia Mărăcine ◽  
Oona Voican ◽  
Emil Scarlat
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe explosive development of artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data methods in the last 10 years has been felt in the financial-banking field which has subjected to profound changes aimed at determining an unprecedented increase in the efficiency and profitability of the businesses they carry out. The tendencies of applying the concepts coming from AI, together with the continuous increase of the volume, complexity and variety of the data that the banks collect, store and process have acquired the generic names of FinTech, respectively BigTech. Five main areas exist where Fintechs and Bigtechs can provide improvements in business models for the banks: introducing specialized platforms, covering neglected customer segments, improving customer selection, reduction of the operating costs of the banks, and optimization of the business processes of the banks. We will present some of these improvements, and then we will show how the business models of the banks dramatically transform under the influence of these changes.

Artificial Intelligence a Driver for Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-250
Author(s):  
Maria José Sousa ◽  
Gabriel Osório de Barros ◽  
Nuno Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Business Models

Artificial intelligence is reconfiguring the economy and redefining the product and service market. It is a disruptive technology that leads to the creation of multiple more efficient activities, new business models, and industrial processes. The literature stresses that AI should be used in all aspects of the personal lives of organisations and individuals, and such complexities are still largely unstudied. The aim of this study is to highlight AI's innovations and applications to the organisation's digital transformation.

scholarly journals Digital Business Model, Digital Transformation, Digital Entrepreneurship: Is There A Sustainable “Digital”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Bican ◽  
Alexander Brem
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

Digitalization plays a major role in contributing towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Without transformation of existing businesses, both economic and environmental challenges of the future cannot be solved sustainably. However, there is much confusion on interrelationships and terms dealing with digitization or digitalization: Digital business model, digital transformation, digital entrepreneurship. How do these terms interrelate with and to digitalization, and how do they support firms to grow sustainably? To answer this question, we identified seven core digital-related terms based on a structured literature search within the management and economics domain, namely: Digital, Business Model, Digital Business Model, Digital Technology, Digital Innovation, Digital Transformation, and Digital Entrepreneurship. Thereafter, we analyzed prior literature for deriving a common understanding and definition as a basis for interrelations within a conceptual framework. Definitions were presented in a case study setup with twelve innovation and research and development (R&D) managers from various business units of a German high-tech company. Based on these insights, we propose a conceptual framework on how Digital Readiness, Digital Technology, and Digital Business Models might sustainably relate to Innovation, moderated by a Digital Transformation Process. With this approach, we aim to equip practitioners and researchers alike in handling and addressing change through digitalization sustainably.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation Models for the I4.0 Transition: Lessons from the Change Management Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12941
Author(s):  
Nicola Bellantuono ◽  
Angela Nuzzi ◽  
Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo ◽  
Barbara Scozzi
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Management Literature

The growing diffusion of digital technologies, especially in production systems, is leading to a new industrial paradigm, named Industry 4.0 (I4.0), which involves disruptive changes in the way companies organize production and create value. Organizations willing to seize the opportunities of I4.0 must thus innovate their processes and business models. The challenges that companies must face for the transition towards I4.0 paradigm are not trivial. Several digital transformation models and roadmaps have been lately proposed in the literature to support companies in such a transition. The literature on change management stresses that about 70% of change initiatives—independently of the aim—fail to achieve their goals due to the implementation of transformation programs that are affected by well-known mistakes or neglect some relevant aspects, such as lack of management support, lack of clearly defined and achievable objectives and poor communication. This paper investigates whether and to what extent the existing digital transformation models (DTMs) and roadmaps for I4.0 transition consider the lessons learnt in the field of change management. To this aim, a Systematic Literature Review to identify existing models and roadmaps is carried out. The results obtained by the review are discussed under the lens of the change-management literature. Based on that, the shortcomings and weaknesses of existing DTMs are pinpointed. Extant DTMs mainly focus on digital transformation initiatives carried out in manufacturing companies; they do not cover all the phases of the digital transformation process but rather focus on the definition of the I4.0 vision, strategy and roadmap. Little attention is devoted to the implementation and consolidation of digital change. Change management lessons are considered to a limited extent, based on which, some suggestions for better dealing with digital transformation initiatives are discussed. The paper contributes to advancing knowledge on models and approaches to support organizations in managing digital transformation. The identification of change management activities that a digital transformation initiative should involve as well as the suggestions on how to effectively deal with it can be used by managers to successfully lead the I4.0 transition journey in their organizations.

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