Electric polarization and crystal orientation of lead zirconate titanate under mechanical stress due to embedding in a metal matrix

AbstractThe mechanical characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic fibers can be improved by embedding the fibers in a metal matrix. The compressive stress generated during the embedding process, however, limits the polarization of piezoelectric ceramic composites. To study and determine the relationship between the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramics, we analyzed the crystallographic orientation of piezoelectric ceramics embedded in an aluminum matrix via electron backscatter diffraction. The orientation of the crystals before and after the polarization of the piezoelectric fibers, in which residual stresses were generated during embedding, was evaluated. Furthermore, the residual stresses were reduced by heat treatment, and the resultant angle of orientation was evaluated before and after polarization. Results showed that, as the residual stresses were relieved, the orientation of the piezoelectric ceramic crystals changed to reveal increased polarization. Our analysis shows that the crystal orientation of piezoelectric ceramics is impacted by the residual compressive stress that arises from embedding the piezoelectric fiber in the aluminum matrix; it also illustrates the hindering effect of residual stress on the polarization of piezoelectric ceramics.

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Power-Generation Optimization Based on Piezoelectric Ceramic Deformation for Energy Harvesting Application with Renewable Energy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2171

Author(s):

Hyeonsu Han ◽

Junghyuk Ko

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Piezoelectric Material ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽

Piezoelectric Element ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Piezoelectric Energy

Along with the increase in renewable energy, research on energy harvesting combined with piezoelectric energy is being conducted. However, it is difficult to predict the power generation of combined harvesting because there is no data on the power generation by a single piezoelectric material. Before predicting the corresponding power generation and efficiency, it is necessary to quantify the power generation by a single piezoelectric material alone. In this study, the generated power is measured based on three parameters (size of the piezoelectric ceramic, depth of compression, and speed of compression) that contribute to the deformation of a single PZT (Lead zirconate titanate)-based piezoelectric element. The generated power was analyzed by comparing with the corresponding parameters. The analysis results are as follows: (i) considering the difference between the size of the piezoelectric ceramic and the generated power, 20 mm was the most efficient piezoelectric ceramic size, (ii) considering the case of piezoelectric ceramics sized 14 mm, the generated power continued to increase with the increase in the compression depth of the piezoelectric ceramic, and (iii) For piezoelectric ceramics of all diameters, the longer the depth of deformation, the shorter the frequency, and depending on the depth of deformation, there is a specific frequency at which the charging power is maximum. Based on the findings of this study, PZT-based elements can be applied to cases that receive indirect force, including vibration energy and wave energy. In addition, the power generation of a PZT-based element can be predicted, and efficient conditions can be set for maximum power generation.

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Texture Evolution Induced by Electric Field in Piezoelectric Ceramics

10.1115/imece2000-1721 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Shan Wan ◽

Keith J. Bowman

Keyword(s):

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽

Domain Switching ◽

Texture Evolution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽

Orientation Distribution ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Domain Orientation ◽

Poling Direction

Abstract Piezoelectricity is strongly dependent on the preferred domain orientation. A fiber-like texture of a Navy VI Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic can be induced by electric poling. This texture can be further changed and strengthened by cross-poling, that is, applying a strong electrical field perpendicular to the original poling direction. In this paper we show preferred domain orientation changes and anisotropy transitions associated with poling and cross-poling in PZT piezoelectric ceramic. The poling and cross-poling induced textures can be explained by three-dimensional orientation dependent domain switching. Based on this discussion, we demonstrate that it is possible to tailor the preferred domain orientation distribution and improve anisotropic properties of piezoelectric ceramics by directional control of the 90° domain switching using cross-poling.

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Degradation of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics Induced by Water and AC Voltages

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.367 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 367-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wang Xiang ◽

Wan Ping Chen ◽

Wen Chao You ◽

Helen Lai Wah Chan ◽

Long Tu Li

Keyword(s):

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Atomic Hydrogen ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽

Counter Electrode ◽

Piezoelectric Properties ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Comparison Experiment ◽

Naoh Solution

A comparison experiment was conducted in which some lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic rings were simply immersed in a 0.01 M NaOH solution while other PZT rings were immersed in the solution with a 50 Hz AC voltage applied between the electrodes of the rings and a counter electrode in the solution. Though the simple immersion showed no noticeable influence on the PZT rings, those PZT rings treated with the application of the AC voltage were obviously degraded in their piezoelectric properties. It was proposed that the degradation resulted from the collaborated reactions of atomic hydrogen and oxygen generated in the AC voltage-induced electrolysis of water. Water may be an important origin for degradation of piezoelectric ceramic devices operating under AC voltages.

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Effect of Uniaxial Compressive Stress on the Partially Fatigued Soft Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.817 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 602-603 ◽

pp. 817-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Peng ◽

Zhen Xing Yue

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Compressive Stress ◽

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Domain Walls ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Switching Behavior ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Depolarization Effect ◽

Uniaxial Compressive Stress

Uniaxial compressive stress was applied during fatigue process of soft lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics and their fatigue resistance was improved when the stress was larger than 20MPa. Before fatigue, compressive stress had a strong depolarization effect and restricted domains switching behavior under large electric field and domain walls motion under small electric field. However, in a partially fatigued state, while domains switching behavior was still restricted by compressive stress, domain walls motion was enhanced. Removal of the applied stress after partial fatigue induced the remnant polarization restored significantly.

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Passive Vibration Damping Materials: Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites for Vibration Damping Applications.

10.21236/ada298477 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Shoko Yoshikawa ◽

R. Meyer ◽

J. Witham ◽

S. Y. Agadda ◽

G. Lesieutre

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽

Ceramic Composites ◽

Vibration Damping ◽

Damping Materials

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Direct Current-Bias Dependence of Nonlinear Coefficients in Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics

Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan ◽

10.2109/jcersj.113.642 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 113 (1322) ◽

pp. 642-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shinjiro TASHIRO ◽

Wataru TOKUNAGA ◽

Keisuke ISHII ◽

Kunihiro NAGATA

Keyword(s):

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Direct Current ◽

Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Zirconate Titanate ◽

Direct Current Bias

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Wettability in Metal Matrix Composites

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11071034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1034

Author(s):

Massoud Malaki ◽

Alireza Fadaei Tehrani ◽

Behzad Niroumand ◽

Manoj Gupta

Keyword(s):

Metal Matrix Composites ◽

Metal Matrix ◽

Aluminum Matrix ◽

Interfacial Strength ◽

High Strength ◽

Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽

Aerospace Applications ◽

Matrix Nanocomposites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been developed in response to the enormous demand for special industrial materials and structures for automotive and aerospace applications, wherein both high-strength and light weight are simultaneously required. The most common, inexpensive route to fabricate MMCs or metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) is based on casting, wherein reinforcements like nanoceramics, -carbides, -nitrides, elements or carbon allotropes are added to molten metal matrices; however, most of the mentioned reinforcements, especially those with nanosized reinforcing particles, have usually poor wettability with serious drawbacks like particle agglomerations and therefore diminished mechanical strength is almost always expected. Many research efforts have been made to enhance the affinity between the mating surfaces. The aim in this paper is to critically review and comprehensively discuss those approaches/routes commonly employed to boost wetting conditions at reinforcement-matrix interfaces. Particular attention is paid to aluminum matrix composites owing to the interest in lightweight materials and the need to enhance the mechanical properties like strength, wear, or creep resistance. It is believed that effective treatment(s) may enormously affect the wetting and interfacial strength.

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Fem Simulation of Micro-Rotating-Structures and Their Applications in Measurement of Residual Stresses in Thin Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-505-21 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Tong-Yi Zhang ◽

Yitshak Zohar

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Fem Simulation ◽

Sensitivity Factor ◽

Local Measurement ◽

Micro Structure ◽

Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Before And After ◽

Polysilicon Films ◽

Simulation Results

ABSTRACTFEM simulation of micro-rotating-structures was performed for local measurement of residual stresses in thin films. A sensitivity factor is introduced, studied and tabulated from the simulation results. The residual stress can be evaluated from the rotating deflection, the lengths of rotating and fixed beams, and the sensitivity factor. The micro-structure technique was applied to measure residual stresses in both silicon nitride and polysilicon thin films, before and after rapid thermal annealing (RTA), and further confirmed by wafer curvature method. Residual stresses in polysilicon films at different RTA stages were also characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). The experimental results indicate that micro-rotating-structures indeed have the ability to measure spatially and locally residual stresses in MEMS thin films with appropriate sensitivities.

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