scholarly journals Assessment of the genetic diversity, population structure and allele distribution of major plant development genes in bread wheat cultivars using DArT and gene-specific markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kiss ◽  
K. Balla ◽  
A. Cseh ◽  
Z. Berki ◽  
Á. Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
East European ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractKnowledge of the degree of genetic diversity can provide fundamental information to breeders for use in various breeding programmes, for instance for the selection of lines with better adaptability. The genetic diversity analysis of 188 winter wheat genotypes demonstrated that this group of cultivars could be divided into four clusters based primarily on geographical origin. The first group contained mostly American and Asian cultivars, while cluster 2 consisted of Central European cultivars, cluster 3 of Hungarian and South European cultivars and cluster 4 mainly of cultivars from Western Europe. Cultivars used in breeding programmes in Central and South East European breeding programmes were found in all four clusters. Wheat genotypes originating from this region of Europe proved to have greater genetic variability than lines from Western and Northern Europe. Among the four clusters, there were also differencies in the frequencies of winter–spring alleles in Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 vernalisation response genes and in the frequencies of sensitive–insensitive alleles in Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 photoperiod response genes, which explained the differences in heading date of the four clusters as well.

Genetic diversity in sorghum mini-core and elite rainy and post-rainy genotypes of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Kuyyamudi Nanaiah Ganapathy ◽  
Sujay Rakshit ◽  
Sunil Shriram Gomashe ◽  
Suri Audilakshmi ◽  
Krishna Hariprasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary to determine the relationships among the genotypes, which allow the selection of individual accessions for crop breeding programmes. The present study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within a set of 251 sorghum genotypes using SSR markers. A total of 393 alleles were detected from the 251 genotypes, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 (Xcup11) to 24 (Sb5-206) and an average of 10.07 alleles per primer pair. Pairwise Wright's FST statistic and Nei's genetic distance estimates revealed that the race and geographical origin were responsible for the pattern of diversity and structure in the genetic materials. In addition, the analysis also revealed high genetic differentiation between the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups. Narrow diversity was observed among the different working groups in the rainy (restorers and varieties) and post-rainy (varieties and advanced breeding lines) sorghum groups. Neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE analysis also classified 44 elite lines broadly into two distinct groups (rainy and post-rainy). However, limited diversity within the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups warranted an urgent need for the utilization of diverse germplasm accessions for broadening the genetic base of the Indian breeding programme. The diverse germplasm accessions identified from the mini-core accessions for utilization in breeding programmes are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Aus Rice Genotypes using ILP Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
MA Siddique ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
ESMH Rashid ◽  
MHK Baktiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Intron Length Polymorphism ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Conservation Genetic ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Assessment of genetic diversity is essential for germplasm characterization, utilization and conservation. Genetic diversity of 31 Aus rice genotypes of Bangladesh was assessed using 11 ILP (intron length polymorphism) markers. A total of 28 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 (RI01779, RI05751, RI05304, RI03205, RI00299, RI05407) to 4 (RI05559). The PIC values ranged from 0.06 (RI05407) to 0.57 (RI05559) with an average of 0.33. PIC value revealed that RI05559 was the best ILP markers for the studied 31 Aus rice genotypes. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering classified the genotypes into five groups at a coefficient of 0.57. Two dimensional graphical views of Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed that the genotypes Kuchmuch, Kalo dhan, Aus dhan, Sadey aus, Chaina and Dighi bawalia were found far away from the centroid of the cluster and can be seslected as parents for further breeding programmes. Parangi and V3, Adubali and H1-2, Begunbichi and Hashikalmi had closest distance (0.000) in the distance matrix might have same genetic background. This information will be useful for the selection of genetically diversed parents and assist in trait development using genotypes in rice breeding programmes in future. The results provided some useful implications for establishment of sovereignty of Bangladeshi rice gene pool. It was also suggested that ILP markers could be very useful for the genetic study and breeding in rice.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(2): 13-19

scholarly journals Assessing genetic diversity, allelic richness and genetic relationship among races in ICRISAT foxtail millet core collection

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vetriventhan ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
C. R. Anandakumar ◽  
S. Senthilvel ◽  
H. K. Parzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Germplasm Identification ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Selection Of

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is an ideal crop for changing climate and food habits of peoples due to its short duration, high photosynthetic efficiency, nutritional richness and fair resistance to pest and diseases. However, foxtail millet yields are low mainly due to the lack of effort for its improvement and the lack of proper utilization of existing genetic variability. To enhance the use of diverse germplasm in breeding programmes, a core collection in foxtail millet consisting of 155 accessions was established. Core collection accessions were fingerprinted using 84 markers (81 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and three Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-SSRs). Our results showed the presence of greater molecular diversity in the foxtail millet core collection. The 84 markers detected a total of 1356 alleles with an average of 16.14 alleles (4–35) per locus. Of these, 368 were rare alleles, 906 common alleles and 82 the most frequent alleles. Sixty-one unique alleles that were specific to a particular accession and useful for germplasm identification were also detected. In this study, the genetic diversity of foxtail millet was fairly correlated well with racial classification, and the race Indica showed a greater genetic distance from the races Maxima and Moharia. The pairwise estimate of dissimilarity was >0.50 except in 123 out of 11,935 pairs which indicated a greater genetic variability. Two hundred and fifty pairs of genetically most diverse accessions were identified. This large molecular variation observed in the core collection could be utilized effectively by breeders or researchers for the selection of diverse parents for breeding cultivars and the development of mapping populations.

Analysis of Diversity And Identification of SSR, SCoT, And ITAP Informative Amplicons For Grain Fe And Zn Content In Wheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedieh Badakhshan ◽  
Rozhin Nosratifar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Content Identification ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Biofortification provides a promising method of solving microelement malnutrition in developing countries. For this purpose, a study was conducted to understand the grain Fe and Zn content variation in seventy prevalent Iranian wheat genotypes across three consecutive years, to assess genetic diversity, and to identify informative amplicons for high grain Fe and Zn content using three simple sequence repeat (SSR), start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism, and intron targeted amplified polymorphism (ITAP) markers. Grain Fe and Zn content was highly variable each year with high heritability. Despite the highly significant effect of year-genotype interaction, some stable genotypes were ranked highly all the three years for grain Fe and Zn content. The grain Fe and Zn contents were positively correlated in the second and third years. High genetic diversity was detected among the wheat genotypes using three different marker systems. A number of informative SSR, SCoT, and ITAP amplicons for high grain Fe and Zn were identified overall or in individual years. A few informative amplicons were common and stable for grain Fe and Zn content in the different years. The SSR alleles located on 3A, 4A, 4B, and 6B chromosomes were positively correlated with high Fe and Zn content, indicating that co-location of genes affected Fe and Zn content. Identification of informative alleles and amplicons for high grain Fe and Zn content could contribute to the development of sequence-based markers and improve the selection of genotypes with high micronutrient content.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis in Gladiolus genotypes (Gladiolus hybridus Hort)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1416-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Bhajantri ◽  
V. S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Gladiolus Hybridus ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study ◽  
Selection Of

In the present investigation, thirty gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort) genotypes were assessed to know the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Genetic diversity study indicated that among the 17 characters, most of the flower characters contributed towards diversity. Floret diameter contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by number of florets per spike, vase life, spike length and plant height.Thirty genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters and among them, cluster I was the largest with 9 genotypes followed by cluster II having 7 genotypes, and IV cluster 6 and cluster III with 3 genotypes each. Clusters were of V, VII and VIII solitary type means they having only one genotype in their group. Divergence values (D2 value) ranged from zero to 7.97 indicating considerable amount of moderate variability in the material studied. Information generated from the present study would be useful in selection of parents for future breeding programme for flower quality improvement in gladiolus. It is desirable to select genotypes from clusters having high cluster means and also with high flower character like spike length as parents for future recombination breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic association studies in wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Andrea György ◽  
Beáta Tóth ◽  
Judit Óvári ◽  
László Cseuz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

To define genetic diversity and population structure among a collection of wheat cultivars and lines of mainly European origin, Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technology was used to characterize a population of 95 bread wheat genotypes. In total, 860 of 960 tested markers were polymorphic and could be used for further analysis. Four subgroups of wheat genotypes were identified using Neighbor Joining (NJ) cluster analysis. Two of this subgroups comprised mainly varieties from Hungarian breeding programs (GrI, GrII); one subgroup contained varieties from Western Europe (Grill) and one contained varieties with various origin (GrIV). GrI mainly contained genotypes originated from crosses including GK Kincső (Arthur 71/Sava) as one of the parents, or derivatives of this genotype. The results of this study should provide valuable information for future association mapping studies using this wheat collection. Furthermore, the genetic diversity and distance data combined with specific genotype data can be used by breeders to guide selection of crossing parents.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

Genetic diversity of durum wheat genotypes using morpho-protein analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-686
Author(s):  
M. Rajabi Hashjin ◽  
M.H. Fotokian ◽  
M. Agahee Sarbrzeh ◽  
M. Mohammadi ◽  
D. Talei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Genetic diversity of native cultivated cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nicaragua

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Aragon ◽  
Claudia Rivera ◽  
Helena Korpelainen ◽  
Aldo Rojas ◽  
Paula Elomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

A total of 60 farmers' cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) from Nicaragua were investigated using microsatellite markers to reveal their genetic composition and to identify potentially resistant genotypes against the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. These accessions were compared with 21 breeders' accessions maintained locally, two Criollo accessions from Costa Rica and two accessions from Ecuador. The analyses showed a low level of differentiation among groups of farmers' accessions (FST = 0.06) and that six Nicaraguan accessions were genetically closely related to the two Criollo accessions used as a reference. In addition, seven distinct genotypes were found to have allelic composition that may indicate linkage to resistance alleles, thus being potential parental lines in future breeding programmes.

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