Pharmaceutical drug development: high drug prices and the hidden role of public funding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Annett
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
Drug Prices

The Global Politics of Access to Medicines

2019 ◽  
pp. 603-626
Author(s):  
Suerie Moon ◽  
Ellen 't Hoen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
Medicine Prices ◽  
All Diseases

Access to medicines has been a fierce battleground in global health, with the most polarising debates focused on medicine prices and the role of patent monopolies. The way ‘access to medicines’ has been framed has evolved considerably since the 1970s, when the focus was primarily on rational use of generic drugs widely available in developing countries. In the 1990s the advent of the WTO TRIPS Agreement clashed directly with a growing global HIV crisis; the politics of ‘access to medicines 1.0’ that emerged centred squarely on antiretrovirals for HIV/AIDS and intellectual property rules. Subsequently, significant ideational and political shifts have resulted in an ‘access politics 2.0,’ characterised by an expansion of concerns to all diseases, tighter linkages between innovation and access concerns, and shifting political dynamics as high-income countries began to experience directly the challenge of high drug prices. These shifts imply a more complex and potentially more consequential politics of access to medicines in the future.

943-P: Role of Model-Informed Drug Development in Confirming Additional Clinical Benefits of Dulaglutide

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 943-P
Author(s):  
LAI-SAN THAM ◽  
JEANNE GEISER ◽  
CHENG CAI TANG ◽  
KAREN SCHNECK ◽  
DAVID COX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Clinical Benefits

scholarly journals Cathepsin L plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and humanized mice and is a promising target for new drug development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Zhao ◽  
Wei-Li Yang ◽  
Fang-Yuan Yang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wei-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
First Time

AbstractTo discover new drugs to combat COVID-19, an understanding of the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Here, for the first time, we report the crucial role of cathepsin L (CTSL) in patients with COVID-19. The circulating level of CTSL was elevated after SARS-CoV-2 infection and was positively correlated with disease course and severity. Correspondingly, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection increased CTSL expression in human cells in vitro and human ACE2 transgenic mice in vivo, while CTSL overexpression, in turn, enhanced pseudovirus infection in human cells. CTSL functionally cleaved the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and enhanced virus entry, as evidenced by CTSL overexpression and knockdown in vitro and application of CTSL inhibitor drugs in vivo. Furthermore, amantadine, a licensed anti-influenza drug, significantly inhibited CTSL activity after SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection and prevented infection both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CTSL is a promising target for new anti-COVID-19 drug development.

scholarly journals The Role of Network Science in Glioblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Marta B. Lopes ◽  
Eduarda P. Martins ◽  
Susana Vinga ◽  
Bruno M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Network Discovery ◽  
Software Implementations

Network science has long been recognized as a well-established discipline across many biological domains. In the particular case of cancer genomics, network discovery is challenged by the multitude of available high-dimensional heterogeneous views of data. Glioblastoma (GBM) is an example of such a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be tackled by network science. Identifying the architecture of molecular GBM networks is essential to understanding the information flow and better informing drug development and pre-clinical studies. Here, we review network-based strategies that have been used in the study of GBM, along with the available software implementations for reproducibility and further testing on newly coming datasets. Promising results have been obtained from both bulk and single-cell GBM data, placing network discovery at the forefront of developing a molecularly-informed-based personalized medicine.

Drug-induced cardiac toxicity: emphasizing the role of electrocardiography in clinical research and drug development

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Gussak ◽  
Jeffrey Litwin ◽  
Robert Kleiman ◽  
Scott Grisanti ◽  
Joel Morganroth
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Drug Induced

From Lock-In to Transformation: A Path-Centric Theory of Emerging Technology an Organizing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Pentland ◽  
Youngjin Yoo ◽  
Jan Recker ◽  
Inkyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lock In

We offer a path-centric theory of emerging technology and organizing that addresses a basic question. When does emerging technology lead to transformative change? A path-centric perspective on technology focuses on the patterns of actions afforded by technology in use. We identify performing and patterning as self-reinforcing mechanisms that shape patterns of action in the domain of emerging technology and organizing. We use a dynamic simulation to show that performing and patterning can lead to a wide range of trajectories, from lock-in to transformation, depending on how emerging technology in use influences the pattern of action. When emerging technologies afford new actions that can be flexibly recombined to generate new paths, decisive transformative effects are more likely. By themselves, new affordances are not likely to generate transformation. We illustrate this theory with examples from the practice of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The path-centric perspective offers a new way to think about generativity and the role of affordances in organizing.

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