Is it Possible to Protect the Adolescent Brain with Internal Mechanisms from Repetitive Head Impacts: Results from a Phase II Single Cohort, Longitudinal, Self-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Logan ◽  
Weihong Yuan ◽  
Kim D. Barber Foss ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Christopher A. DiCesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Single Cohort

Condensing Heat Exchanger Microbial Growth and Control Study-Phase II

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Marsh ◽  
Mark E. Caron ◽  
Carol Metselaar ◽  
John Steele
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Condensing Heat Exchanger ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Correction: Altered Blood Biomarker Profiles in Athletes with a History of Repetitive Head Impacts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex P. Di Battista ◽  
Shawn G. Rhind ◽  
Doug Richards ◽  
Nathan Churchill ◽  
Andrew J. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
Blood Biomarker ◽  
History Of ◽  
Altered Blood

scholarly journals A Case–Control Study of Tackle-Based Concussion Risk Factors in The National Rugby League

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Gardner ◽  
Grant Iverson ◽  
Suzi Edwards ◽  
Ross Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Game Activity ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Recent Evaluation

Abstract Background The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in Rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in Rugby Union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in Rugby Union by examining the association between tackle characteristics and head injury events in professional Rugby League. Methods We reviewed and coded 446 tackles resulting in a head injury assessment (HIA) and 5,694 tackles that did not result in a head injury from two National Rugby League (NRL) seasons. Tackle height, body position of players, and contact area on an opponent’s body were evaluated, with the propensity of each situation to cause an HIA calculated as HIAs per 1000 events. Results The propensity for tacklers to sustain a head injury was 0.99 HIAs per 1000 tackles, 1.74-fold greater than for the ball carrier (0.57 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). There was a 3.2-fold higher risk for an HIA when the tackler was upright compared to bent-at-the-waist. The greatest risk of a tackler HIA occurred when head contact was very low (knee, boot) or high (head and elbow). HIAs were most common following head-to-head impacts. The lowest propensity for tackler HIA was found when the tackler’s head was in proximity with the ball carrier’s torso. Conclusions The result of this study replicated the findings in professional rugby union. This has implications for the injury prevention initiatives implemented to reduce HIA risk because the majority of injuries are sustained by the player initiating the action.

Association Between Antemortem FLAIR White Matter Hyperintensities and Neuropathology in Brain Donors Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013012
Author(s):  
Madeline Uretsky ◽  
Sylvain Bouix ◽  
Ronald J. Killiany ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Brett Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
Pathological Correlation ◽  
Daily Function

Background and Objectives:Late neuropathologies of repetitive head impacts from contact sports can include chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and white matter degeneration. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI scans are often viewed as microvascular disease from vascular risk, but might have unique underlying pathologies and risk factors in the setting of repetitive head impacts. We investigated the neuropathological correlates of antemortem WMH in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts. The association between WMH, and repetitive head impact exposure and informant-reported cognitive and daily function were tested.Methods:This imaging-pathological correlation study included symptomatic deceased men exposed to repetitive head impacts. Donors had antemortem FLAIR scans from medical records and were without evidence of CNS neoplasm, large vessel infarcts, hemorrhage, and/or encephalomalacia. WMH were quantified using log-transformed values for total lesion volume (TLV), calculated using the lesion prediction algorithm from the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. Neuropathological assessments included semi-quantitative ratings of white matter rarefaction, cerebrovascular disease, p-tau severity (CTE stage, dorsolateral frontal cortex), and Aβ. Among football players, years of play was a proxy for repetitive head impact exposure. Retrospective informant-reported cognitive and daily function were assessed using the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Regression models controlled for demographics, diabetes, hypertension, and MRI resolution. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.Results:The sample included 75 donors: 67 football players and 8 non-football contact sport athletes and/or military veterans. Dementia was the most common MRI indication (64%). Fifty-three (70.7%) had CTE at autopsy. Log-TLV was associated with white matter rarefaction (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.03,5.24, p=0.04), arteriolosclerosis (OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.02,5.52, p=0.04), CTE stage (OR=2.58, 95% CI=1.17,5.71, p=0.02), and dorsolateral frontal p-tau severity (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.32,6.97, p=0.01). There was no association with Aβ. More years of football play was associated with log-TLV (b=0.04, 95% CI=0.01,0.06, p=0.01). Greater log-TLV correlated with higher FAQ (unstandardized beta=4.94, 95% CI=0.42,8.57, p=0.03) and CDS scores (unstandardized beta=15.35, 95% CI=-0.27,30.97, p=0.05).Discussion:WMH might capture long-term white matter pathologies from repetitive head impacts, including those from white matter rarefaction and p-tau, in addition to microvascular disease. Prospective imaging-pathological correlation studies are needed.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class IV evidence of associations between FLAIR white matter hyperintensities, and neuropathological changes (white matter rarefaction, arteriolosclerosis, p-tau accumulation), years of American football play, and reported cognitive symptoms in symptomatic brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts.

P1-026: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TAU, Aβ, AND STREM2 IN FORMER NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS: MODELING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPETITIVE HEAD IMPACTS, MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, AND NEURODEGENERATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_4) ◽  
pp. P275-P276
Author(s):  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Nathan G. Fritts ◽  
Amanda Heslegrave ◽  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Late contributions of repetitive head impacts and TBI to depression symptoms and cognition

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e793-e804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Zachary H. Baucom ◽  
Jesse Mez ◽  
Thor D. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that repetitive head impacts (RHIs), like those from contact sport play and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive consequences, we compared middle-age and older adult participants who reported a history of RHI and/or TBI with those without this history on measures of depression and cognition.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 13,323 individuals (mean age, 61.95; 72.5% female) from the Brain Health Registry who completed online assessments, including the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the CogState Brief Battery and Lumos Labs NeuroCognitive Performance Tests. Inverse propensity-weighted linear regressions accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education tested the effects of RHI and TBI compared to a non-RHI/TBI group.ResultsA total of 725 participants reported RHI exposure (mostly contact sport play and abuse) and 7,277 reported TBI (n = 2,604 with loss of consciousness [LOC]). RHI (β, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.36–2.12), TBI without LOC (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.54), and TBI with LOC (β, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91) corresponded to higher GDS-15 scores. While TBI with LOC had the most neuropsychological associations, TBI without LOC had a negative effect on CogState Identification (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001–0.01) and CogState One Back Test (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002–0.01). RHI predicted worse CogState One Back Test scores (β, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.05). There were RHI × TBI interaction effects on several neuropsychological subtests, and participants who had a history of both RHI and TBI with LOC had the greatest depression symptoms and worse cognition.ConclusionsRHI and TBI independently contributed to worse mid- to later-life neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Repetitive Head Impacts in Football Do Not Impair Dynamic Postural Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. BUCKLEY ◽  
JESSIE R. OLDHAM ◽  
DANIEL J. WATSON ◽  
NICHOLAS G. MURRAY ◽  
BARRY A. MUNKASY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts

The Effect of Public Social Context on Self-Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad Uziel ◽  
Roy F. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Study

The present study explores the role of personality in moderating the effect of public social context on self-control. The authors predicted that in public settings neuroticism would be associated with ego-depletion effects and individual differences in impression management (IM) would be associated with restoration effects. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. In Study 1 neuroticism was associated with impaired self-control and IM was associated with enhanced self-control following an initial phase of working on a simple task in public (vs. in private). Study 2 replicated and extended these results to other domains of self-control. Study 3 explored whether public social context can cancel out early depletion effects. In this study, depleted participants engaged in a task that required self-control either alone or in public. As expected, the public settings were associated with restored self-control resources mostly among high IM individuals. Implications for self-control, neuroticism, and IM are discussed.

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