Late contributions of repetitive head impacts and TBI to depression symptoms and cognition

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that repetitive head impacts (RHIs), like those from contact sport play and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive consequences, we compared middle-age and older adult participants who reported a history of RHI and/or TBI with those without this history on measures of depression and cognition.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 13,323 individuals (mean age, 61.95; 72.5% female) from the Brain Health Registry who completed online assessments, including the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the CogState Brief Battery and Lumos Labs NeuroCognitive Performance Tests. Inverse propensity-weighted linear regressions accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education tested the effects of RHI and TBI compared to a non-RHI/TBI group.ResultsA total of 725 participants reported RHI exposure (mostly contact sport play and abuse) and 7,277 reported TBI (n = 2,604 with loss of consciousness [LOC]). RHI (β, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.36–2.12), TBI without LOC (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.54), and TBI with LOC (β, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91) corresponded to higher GDS-15 scores. While TBI with LOC had the most neuropsychological associations, TBI without LOC had a negative effect on CogState Identification (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001–0.01) and CogState One Back Test (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002–0.01). RHI predicted worse CogState One Back Test scores (β, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.05). There were RHI × TBI interaction effects on several neuropsychological subtests, and participants who had a history of both RHI and TBI with LOC had the greatest depression symptoms and worse cognition.ConclusionsRHI and TBI independently contributed to worse mid- to later-life neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning.

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Cognition, Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Factors among Southwest Tribal Elders

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.26.2.235 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francine Gachupin ◽

Michael D. Romero ◽

Willa J. Ortega ◽

Rita Jojola-Dorame ◽

Hugh Hendrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Tribal Community ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

History Of

Objectives: Few data exist on cognitive and depressive symptoms and vascular factors in American Indian (AI) elders. Since vascular risk factors increase risk for cognitive impairments, depression and dementia, and since AI elders are at high vascular risk, it is timely to assess the interplay of these factors in comprehensive studies of aging in this population. To begin, pilot studies must be conducted to show these types of data can be collected successfully.Design: A cross-sectional pilot study, the Southwest Heart Mind Study (SHMS). Setting: Tribal community in the Southwest United States. Participants: AI elders, aged ≥55 years.Main Outcome Measures: Cross-cultural demographic, social network and risk factor surveys; tests of cognition, depression and anxiety; physical measurements; blood biochemistries; and APOE genotyping.Results: SHMS elders were comparable to other rural elder populations on cognitive and depressive symptom scores. The average CogScore was 28.8 (out of 32), the average Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was 6.7 (of 30), and the average Hamilton Anxiety Scale was 1.2 (of 4). 32% possessed at least one APOEe4 allele. High vascular risk was evident: 76% were overweight or obese; 54% self-reported history of hypertension; 24% heart trouble; 32% type 2 diabetes; 35% depression; and 24% a family history of serious memory loss. More than 70% reported prescription medication use. 54% cared for someone besides self.Conclusions: A better understanding of the burden of vascular risk in relation to cognition and depression among Southwest Tribes is needed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):235- 244; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.235

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Neurocognitive performance and mental health of retired female football players compared to non-contact sport athletes

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000952

Author(s):

Annika Prien ◽

Nina Feddermann-Demont ◽

Evert Verhagen ◽

Jos Twisk ◽

Astrid Junge

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Digit Span ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Football Players ◽

Cognitive Symptoms ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Contact Sport ◽

History Of

BackgroundAdverse long-term effects of playing football due to repetitive head impact exposure on neurocognition and mental health are controversial. To date, no studies have evaluated such effects in women.AimsTo (1) compare neurocognitive performance, cognitive symptoms and mental health in retired elite female football players (FB) with retired elite female non-contact sport athletes (CON), and to (2) assess whether findings are related to history of concussion and/or heading exposure in FB.MethodsNeurocognitive performance, mental health and cognitive symptoms were assessed using computerised tests (CNS-vital signs), paper pen tests (Category fluency, Trail-Making Test, Digit Span, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36v2 Health Survey) and a symptom checklist. Heading exposure and concussion history were self-reported in an online survey and in a clinical interview, respectively. Linear regression was used to analyse the effect of football, concussion and heading exposure on outcomes adjusted for confounders.ResultsFB (n=66) performed similar to CON (n=45) on neurocognitive tests, except for significantly lower scores on verbal memory (mean difference (MD)=−7.038, 95% CI −12.98 to –0.08, p=0.038) and verbal fluency tests (MD=−7.534, 95% CI –13.75 to –0.46, p=0.016). Among FB weaker verbal fluency performance was significantly associated with ≥2 concussions (MD=−10.36, 95% CI –18.48 to –2.83, p=0.017), and weaker verbal memory performance with frequent heading (MD=−9.166, 95% CI –17.59 to –0.123, p=0.041). The depression score differed significantly between study populations, and was significantly associated with frequent heading but not with history of concussion in FB.ConclusionFurther studies should investigate the clinical relevance of our findings and whether the observed associations point to a causal link between repetitive head impacts and verbal memory/fluency or mental health.

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SLEEP AND ITS RELATION TO COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS AND ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULTS WITHIN A PANDEMIC FRAMEWORK

10.5327/1980-5764.rpda090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Moreira ◽

Tiago Ordonez ◽

Gabriela Santos ◽

Luiz Moraes ◽

Patrícia Lessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Levels ◽

Anxiety Levels

Background: COVID-19 has generated impacts mainly on the psychological health of older adults´ population. Depression symptoms and high anxiety levels may negatively influence sleep quality and thus the cognitive performance of those who suffer from them. There needs to be studies which document such relations during the pandemic. Objective: Investigate the influence of sleep on cognition, depression symptoms, and anxiety. Methods: Cross-sectional study applying the following scales: Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). An additional questionnaire with 6 subjective questions concerning the presence or absence of sleep issues was also employed. Results: 428 older adults aged between 60 and 90 and with an average of 67.54 ± 5.65 years were evaluated. When Sleep Scores and other variables of scales were correlated the following results were obtained: Sleep Score and Braztel-MMSE (rho=-0.08 e p=0.108); Sleep Score and GDS15 (rho=0.46 e p <0,001); and Sleep Score and GAI (rho=0.41 e p<0.001). Conclusion: Results emphasize that sleep has not shown relation to cognitive performance, mainly in this sample with individuals of high education levels. However, sleep has been strongly associated with variables concerning depression symptoms and anxiety levels, showing its importance for the psychological levels of individuals in the current pandemic framework.

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Subjective Memory Complaint and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Portugal

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2015/296581 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mónica Sousa ◽

Anabela Pereira ◽

Rui Costa

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Adults ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Mini Mental Status Examination

Background. Older adults report subjective memory complaints (SMCs) but whether these are related to depression remains controversial. In this study we investigated the relationship between the SMCs and depression and their predictors in a sample of old adults.Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 620 participants aged 55 to 96 years (74.04 ± 10.41). Outcome measures included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, a SMC scale (QSM), a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results. The QSM mean total score for the main results suggests that SMCs are higher in old adults with depressed symptoms, comparatively to nondepressed old adults. The GDS scores were positively associated with QSM but negatively associated with education, MMSE, and MoCA. GDS scores predicted almost 63.4% of variance. Scores on QSM and MoCA are significantly predicted by depression symptomatology.Conclusion. Depression symptoms, lower education level, and older age may be crucial to the comprehension of SMCs. The present study suggested that depression might play a role in the SMCs of the older adults and its treatment should be considered.

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Depression Symptoms and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Outbreak in Iran: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.108500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Samaneh Torkian ◽

Elham Akhlaghi ◽

Vahid Khosravi ◽

Reza Etesami ◽

Ali Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Depression Scale ◽

World Health ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

Background: Coronavirus 2019 is a new infectious disease that has been declared by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic. This pandemic may have psychological effects on populations. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the quality of sleep and depression in the Iranian community during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional web-based study was conducted from April 19 to May 12, 2020 in Iran. The data collection tools were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Depression Center for Epidemiologic Studies’ Depression Scale questionnaires. Each province in Iran was assumed as a cluster, and generalized estimating equations models were used to determine the demographic variables that were related to depression symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak Results: In this study, 73.5% and 41.4% of the participants had poor sleep quality and had depression symptoms, respectively. Perceived income, hours spent outdoors, the number of people with COVID-19 that were acquainted with, and a history of depression significantly were related to sleep quality. Also, gender, age, having a child, education level, economic status, and a history of depression were significantly associated with having depression symptoms. Conclusions: Most participants had poor sleep quality, and less than half had depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These problems can disturb daily routines, cut social ties, and increase worries and fears of the future. Interventions are necessary to reduce psychological problems for Iran.

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Incidence of Epilepsy and Evaluation of Associated Disorders in Elderly People of Amirkola, North of Iran

10.20944/preprints201902.0068.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Payam Saadat ◽

AhmadiAhangar Alijan ◽

Seyed Reza Hosseini ◽

Ali Bijani ◽

Mohsen Khalili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Past History ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

The Elderly ◽

Serum Triglyceride Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽

History Of

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of epilepsy in the elderly and investigating the disorders associated with its occurrence. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study using a census sampling method, is a part of a comprehensive and cohort research of "Amirkola Health and Ageing Project". Cognitive impairment using Mini Mental State Examination (M.M.S.E). and psychiatric diseases based on relevant tests such as Geriatric Depression Scale G.D.S. Physical activity was measured based on the standard physical activity questionnaire for elderly Physical Activity Scale for Elderly(PASE). All data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression in SPSS v23 software. Results: Of 1482 participants 35 subjects were epileptic. the incidence was 2.36 in 1,000 of the elderly. Significant association between Parkinson’s Disease(p=0.001), falls (p=0.001, depression(p=0.001), hyperphosphoremia(p= 0.039) and hypokalaemia (p= 0.031) concluded with epilepsy. Past history of stroke and serum (triglyceride,LDL) level in epileptic were more than the no epileptics. Conclusion: significant association between Parkinson's Disease, frequency of fall, depression and correlation of history of stroke, increased serum triglyceride level and higher serum level of LDL with epilepsy concluded.

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COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

10.5327/1980-5764.rpda091 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Santos ◽

Tiago Ordonez ◽

Ana Moreira ◽

Luiz Moraes ◽

Patrícia Lessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Average Score ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Average Education

Background: COVID-19 has impacted the daily life of older adults, originating symptoms of depression which might influence cognitive performance. There is a need thus for papers which document such relations. Objective: Investigate the presence of depression symptoms in older adults and their relations to cognitive performance in the pandemic framework. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which the Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) were employed, as well as a question which examined the perception of changes in mood and anxiety due to the pandemic. Results: The analyzed sample was comprised of 428 older adults with an average age of 67.54±5.65 years and average education level of 14.72±3.54 years. The average score of Braztel-MMSE was 20.24±1.49 and that of GDS15 was 3.39±4.00. The Spearman correlation coefficient was a significant rho= -0.10 (p=0.034). 71% of those surveyed noticed mood and/ or anxiety changes and only those showed a significant correlation between Braztel-MMSE and GDS15 of rho= -0.17 (p=0.003). Conclusion: Results show an association between depression symptoms and cognitive performance. Such an association has been more evident when analyzing changes in mood and/ or anxiety during the pandemic. Such findings contribute to the planning of services and public policies to older adults in the current framework.

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Psychopathology in Elderly COVID-19 Survivors and Controls

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/08919887211002664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089198872110026

Author(s):

Arash Mowla ◽

Mehrnoosh Ghaedsharaf ◽

Azadeh Pani

Keyword(s):

Rating Scales ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Pandemic

Background: The highly infectious and pathogenic coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has emerged to cause a global pandemic. In this cross-sectional comparative study, our objective is to compare the depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly COVID-19 survivors with a control group. Method: 69 elderly COVID-19 survivors (age 65 or older) within 2 weeks post-discharge were assessed for anxiety and depression symptoms by a package of self-rating scales (Geriatric Anxiety Scale-10 (GAS-10), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and General Health Questionar-28 (GHQ-28)). Their scores were compared with a group of aged-matched residents without COVID-19 in their community. Results: The mean scores on GAS-10, GDS-15 and GHQ-28 in the COVID-19 survivors group and control group were 12.06 vs. 6.53 (p < .001), 12.48 vs. 5.73 (p < .001), 52.7 vs. 29.8 (p < .001), respectively. All of the COVID-19 survivors and 60% of the controls had scores in the pathological range of GHQ-28 scale. A total of 93.2% of COVID-19 survivors revealed anxiety symptoms in GAS-10 scale. This rate was 60% in the control group. A total of 86.6% of COVID-19 survivors compared to 46.6% of the controls reported symptoms of depression in GDS-15 scale. Conclusion: The rate of depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly COVID-19 survivors and controls found to be high during the pandemic. However, COVID-19 survivors significantly suffered more.

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Contribution of IQ in young adulthood to the associations of education and occupation with cognitive ability in older age

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02290-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Insa Feinkohl ◽

Petra Kozma ◽

Friedrich Borchers ◽

Simone J. T. van Montfort ◽

Jochen Kruppa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Late Life ◽

Summary Score ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Studies suggest that a higher education and occupation are each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, but their inter-relationships in their association with cognitive ability and the contribution of peak IQ in young adulthood (‘pre-morbid IQ’) often remain unclear. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 623 participants aged ≥65 years of the BioCog study. Education was coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED; range 1 to 6). Occupation was coded as ‘semi/unskilled’, ‘skilled manual’, ‘skilled non-manual’, ‘managerial’, ‘professional’. A summary score of global ability (‘g’) was constructed from six cognitive tests. Pre-morbid IQ was estimated from vocabulary. The Geriatric Depression Scale assessed symptoms of depression. Age- and sex-adjusted analyses of covariance were performed. Results Education (partial eta2 0.076; p < 0.001) and occupation (partial eta2 = 0.037; p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with g. For education, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant when pre-morbid IQ was controlled for (partial eta2 0.036; p < 0.001) and was unchanged with additional adjustment for depression (partial eta2 0.037; p < 0.001). For occupation, the association with g was no longer significant when pre-morbid IQ (partial eta2 = 0.015; p = 0.06) and depression (partial eta2 = 0.011; p = 0.18) were entered as covariates in separate steps. When education and occupation were entered concurrently into the fully adjusted model, only education was independently associated with g (partial eta2 0.030; p < 0.001; occupation, p = 0.93). Conclusion While a higher education and a higher occupation were each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, only for education some unique contribution to cognitive ability remained over and above its relationship with pre-morbid IQ, depression, and occupation. Further research is needed to address whether a longer time spent in education may promote late-life cognitive ability.

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Watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults: a cross-sectional study from the JAGES 2019 survey

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89994-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Satoru Kanamori ◽

Ryota Watanabe ◽

Meiko Yokoyama ◽

Yasuhiro Miyaguni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThe current study investigated the relationship between the frequency of watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults. This study used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide mail survey of 21,317 older adults. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥ 5. Participants were queried regarding the average frequency at which they watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet over the past year. Among the 21,317 participants, 4559 (21.4%) had depressive symptoms, while 4808 (22.6%) and 16,576 (77.8%) watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet at least once a year, respectively. Older adults who watched sports on-site a few times/year (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.74) or 1–3 times/month (0.66, 0.53–0.82) were less likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-spectators after adjusting for frequency of playing sports, exercise activities, and other potential confounders. Meanwhile, a dose–response relationship was confirmed for watching via TV/Internet (prevalence ratio of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.71 for a few times/year, 1–3 times/month, and ≥ 1 time/week, respectively). This study suggested that watching sports on-site or via TV/Internet, regardless of whether they regularly engage in sports, may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults.

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